Documentatie atasata la

Programe software pentru arhitectura, instalatii, structuri beton, metal CYPE

Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD

Limba: Engleza

209 afisari

Tip documentatie: Instructiuni montaj, utilizare

Pagina 1 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza 2

IMPORTANT:...

2 IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT CAREFULLY. The information contained in this document is property of CYPE Ingenieros, S.A. and cannot be reproduced nor transferred partially or completely in any way or by any means, be it electrically or mechanically, under any circumstances, without previous written authorisation of CYPE Ingenieros, S.A. Copyright infringement may be constituted as a crime (article 270 and onwards of the Penal code). This document and the information it contains form an integral part of the documentation accompanying the User License of CYPE Ingenieros S.A. programs and cannot be separated. Therefore it is protected by the same laws and rights. Do not forget to read, understand and accept the User License Contract of the software of which this documentation forms part of before using any component of the product. If the terms and conditions of the User License Contract are NOT accepted, immediately return the software and all the elements accompanying

Pagina 1-Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza 2

IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ...

Pagina 2 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza the product to...

the product to where it was first acquired for a complete refund. This manual corresponds to the software version indicated by CYPE Ingenieros, S.A. as CYPECAD. The information contained in this document substantially describes the properties and methods of use of the program o programs accompanying it. The information contained in this document could have been modified after its mechanical edition without issuing a warning. The software accompanying this document can be submitted to modifications without issuing a previous warning. CYPE Ingenieros, S.A. has other services available, one of these being the Updates, which allows the user to acquire the latest versions of the software and accompanying documentation. If there are any doubts with respect to this text or with the software User License or for any queries, please contact CYPE Ingenieros, S.A. by consulting the corresponding Authorised Local Distributor or the After-sales department at: Avda. Eusebio Sempere, 5 – 03003 Ali

Pagina 2-Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza the product to where it was ...

Pagina 3 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza cante (Spain) •...

cante (Spain) • Tel : +34 965 92 25 50 • Fax: +34 965 12 49 50 • www.cype.com CYPE Ingenieros, S.A. . 1st Edition (September 2010) Edited and printed in Alicante (Spain) Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. CYPE CYPECAD - User manual Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 2.1.1. Template fundamental properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 2.1.2. Template options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 1. Program introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 2.2. DXF/DWG Object Snap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 1.1. General aspects of the working screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 2.3. Drawings and Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 1.1.1. Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 1.1.2. Main menus . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pagina 3-Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza cante (Spain) • Tel : +34 ...

Pagina 4 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza . . . . . . . . ...

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 3. Groups and Floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 1.1.4. Second toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 3.2. Floor and group introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 1.2. On screen help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 3.2.2. Use categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 3.1. General information on groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 1.1.3. First toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 1.1.5. Background Colours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 3.2.1. Creation of new floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 1.2.1. Pressing F1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 3.2.3. Elevation of foundation plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pagina 5 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza 28

1.2.2....

28 1.2.2. Question mark icon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 3.2.4. Creation, edition and deletion of groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 1.2.3. Book icon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 3.3. Floor and group options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 1.3. Job introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 3.3.2. Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 1.2.4. Quick guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 3.3.1. General Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 1.3.1. Automatic introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 4. Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 1.3.1.1. Automatic introduction DXF/DWG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 4.1. Definition of columns, shear walls or st

Pagina 5-Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza 28

1.2.2. Question mark...

Pagina 6 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza arts . . . . . . ...

arts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 1.3.1.2. Automatic introduction IFC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 4.1.1. Column starts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 1.3.2. Manual introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 4.1.2. Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 1.3.3. File management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 4.1.2.1. New column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 1.3.3.1. Recent files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 4.1.2.2. New column with its start on another column . . . . . . .33 1.3.3.2. ASCII file import to generate the foundations . . . . . . .20 4.1.2.3. Column edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 1.3.3.3. Job examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 4.1.2.4. Introduction of new columns us

Pagina 7 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza ing data from...

ing data from another column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 1.3.3.4. Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 1.3.3.5. Send, Decompress and Share jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 4.1.3. Shear walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 2. Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 4.1.4. Column minimum geometric ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 2.1. Template properties and options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 4.2. Column results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 CYPE 3 4 CYPECAD 4.2.1. Column design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 5.1.7. Design options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 4.2.1.1. Concrete columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 5.1.8. Column disconnection i

Pagina 7-Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza ing data from
another column...

Pagina 8 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza n masonry and...

n masonry and concrete block walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 4.2.1.2. Steel columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 5.2. Drawings and reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 4.2.1.3. Column data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 4.2.1.4. Column layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 5.2.1. Reports of block walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 4.2.2. Block column reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 6. Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 4.2.2.1. Things to consider when using this option . . . . . . . . .39 6.1. Beam introduction manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 4.2.2.2. Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 6.1.1. Beam introduction menu . . . . . . . .

Pagina 8-Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza n masonry and concrete
block...

Pagina 9 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza . . . . . . . . ...

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 4.2.3. Force diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 6.1.2. Beam types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 4.3. Drawings and Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 6.1.3. DXF or DWG object snap during beam introduction . . . . .50 4.3.1. Drawing options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 6.1.4. Polybeams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 4.3.1.1. View of the fixed point in the drawings . . . . . . . . . . . .40 6.1.5. Predefined reinforcement spans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 4.3.1.2. Column stirrup options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 6.1.6. Sloped beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 4.3.2. Report options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 6.1.6.1. Diagonal braces . . .

Pagina 10 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza . . . . . . . . ...

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 5. Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 6.1.7. Common beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 5.1. Wall introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 6.1.7.1. Create common beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 5.1.1. Floating menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 6.1.7.2. Undo common beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 5.1.2. Wall types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 6.1.8. External edge beam introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 5.1.2.1. Reinforced concrete walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 6.1.9. Assign beam and wall options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 5.1.2.2. Generic reinforced concrete block walls . . . . . . . . . .42 6.1.10. Extend beam . . . . . .

Pagina 11 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza . . . . . . . ....

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 5.1.2.3. NORMABLOC walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 6.1.11. Corbels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 5.1.2.4. Masonry walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 6.1.11.1. Corbel introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 5.1.3. Wall openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 6.1.11.2. Corbel edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 5.1.3.1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 6.1.12. Corbel adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 5.1.3.2. Opening reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 6.1.13. Beam reinforcement within walls and crown beams . . . .54 5.1.3.3. Opening reinforcement design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 6.1.14. Effective slab

Pagina 12 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza width when using...

width when using steel beams . . . . . . . . .55 5.1.4. Extend walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 6.1.15. Beam reinforcement editor configuration . . . . . . . . . . . .55 5.1.5. Assign walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 6.1.16. Beam joint and portal frame base references . . . . . . . . .55 5.1.6. Edit walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 6.1.17. Template object snap for beam introduction . . . . . . . . . .55 CYPE CYPECAD - User manual 6.2. Beam analysis and results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 7.1.2.5. Composite slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 6.2.1. Steel beam design within the analysis menu . . . . . . . . . .56 7.1.3. Sloped slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 6.2.3. Sloped beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

Pagina 12-Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza width when using steel beams...

Pagina 13 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza
7.1.3.2....

7.1.3.2. Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 7.1.3.1. Sloped floor slabs/ El. Changes Window . . . . . . . . . .72 6.2.2. Beam errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 7.1.3.3. Edit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 6.2.4. Copy reinforcement between frames at different floors . . .57 7.1.3.4. Assign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 6.2.5. Design of steel beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 7.1.3.5. Automatically assign a slope to beams . . . . . . . . . . . .73 6.2.6. Frame grouping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 7.1.3.6. Advice on sloped panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 6.2.7. Block frame reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 7.1.4. Introduce openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pagina 13-Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza
7.1.3.2. Creation . . . . ....

Pagina 14 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza . .79

6.2.7.1. ...

. .79 6.2.7.1. Things to consider when using this option . . . . . . . . .59 7.1.5. Floor slab options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 6.2.7.2. How the option works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 7.2. Slab analysis and results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 6.2.8. Steel beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 7.2.1. Joist floor slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 6.2.8.1. Shear stud errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 7.2.1.1. Views of joist floor slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 6.2.9. Corbel checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 7.2.1.2. Match . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 6.2.9.1. Redesign corbel reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 7.2.1.3. Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pagina 14-Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza . .79

6.2.7.1. Things to...

Pagina 15 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza . . . . . . . . ...

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 6.2.10. Sloped beam reinforcement edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 7.2.1.4. Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 6.2.11. Configuration of the beam reinforcement editor . . . . . . .61 7.2.1.5. Assign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 6.2.12. Force diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 7.2.2. Flat and waffle slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 6.3. Drawings and reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 7.2.2.1. Reinforcement introduction in flat and waffle slabs without analysing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 6.3.1. Sloped beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 7.2.2.2. Flat/waffle slab options in the Results tab . . . . . . . . . .85 6.3.2. Corbels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pagina 16 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza . . . . . . . . ...

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 7.2.2.3. Add additional shear reinforcement around drop panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 7. Floor slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 7.1. Floor slab introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 7.2.3. Hollow core slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 7.1.2. Floor slab types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 7.2.3.2. Hollow core plates catalogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 7.2.3.1. Hollow core slab views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 7.1.1. Floor slab floating menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 7.1.2.1. Awaiting definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 7.2.4. Composite slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 7.1.2.3. Waffle slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pagina 17 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza . . . . . . . ....

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 7.2.4.2. Composite slab results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 7.2.4.1. Composite slab design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 7.1.2.2. Joist floor slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 7.2.5. Force diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 7.1.2.4. Hollow core slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 7.3. Drawings and Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 CYPE 5 6 CYPECAD 7.3.1. Composite slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 9. Steel, timber and aluminium structures . . . . . .108 7.3.1.2. Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 9.1.1. Integrated 3D structures menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 7.3.1.1. Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 9.1. Integrated 3D str

Pagina 18 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza uctures . . . . ...

uctures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 7.3.2. Joist floor slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 9.1.2. Metal 3D program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 7.3.2.1. Report of forces in joist floor slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 9.2. Joint design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 7.3.2.2. Joist floor takeoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 9.2.1. Types of joint design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 7.3.3. Sloped panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 9.2.2. Joint Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 8. Stairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 9.2.3. Consulting the designed joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 8.1. General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . .95 9.2.4. Reasons why a joint has not been designed . . . . . . . . . .116 8.2. Location of Stairs module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 9.3. Export to other programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 8.3. Data introduction in the Stairs module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 10. Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 8.3.1. Create a new staircase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 10.1. Loads to be defined in General data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 8.3.1.1. Staircase common data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 10.1.1. Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 8.3.1.2. Staircase flight data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97 10.1.1.1. Wind loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 8.3.1.3. Introduction of the staircase in the jo

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b . . . . . . . . . . . .99 10.1.1.2. Seismic loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 8.3.1.4. Tools to facilitate staircase and flight definition . . . . .101 10.1.1.3. Fire resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 8.3.2. Edit existing staircases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 10.1.2. Additional loadcases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 8.3.3. Delete a staircase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 10.1.3. Limit states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120 8.3.4. Move a staircase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 10.1.3.1. Combination configuration for each limit state . . . .120 8.3.5. Rotate a staircase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 10.2. Definable live loading in groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 8.4. Results, reports and drawings of the Stairs

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module . . . . . . .104 10.2.1. Group loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 8.4.1. View staircase reinforcement details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 10.2.2. Loads at foundation level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 8.4.2. View forces and displacements using contour maps . . . .104 10.3. Loads Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 8.4.3. Staircase design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 10.3.1. Surface loads on slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 8.4.4. Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105 10.3.2. Automatic introduction of line loads on beams . . . . . . .123 8.4.5. Stair drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105 10.4. Drawings and reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 8.5. Stair module configuration (materials, reinfo

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10...

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rcement tables and stair options) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106 CYPE CYPECAD - User manual 11. Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124 12.2. Deformed shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138 11.2. Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124 12.2.2. Indication of the deformation using a colour scale. . . . .139 11.1. Baseplates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124 12.2.1. 3D view of the deformed shape of the structure . . . . . .138 11.2.1. Foundation properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124 13. Tables and libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140 11.2.2. Foundation floating menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124 13.1. Reinforcement tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140 11.2.3. Further options for footings . . .

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and stair...

Pagina 23 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza . . . . . . . ....

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126 13.1.1. Use of the reinforcement tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140 11.2.4. Wall foundations (Strip footings) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127 13.1.2. Restore default tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140 11.2.5. Foundation options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128 13.2. Section library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140 11.3. Strap and tie beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129 13.2.1. Edition of an individual section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141 11.3.1. General information on strap and tie beams . . . . . . . .129 13.2.2. Library manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141 11.3.2. Strap and tie beam floating menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130 13.2.2.1. Use of existing libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141 11.3.3. Further options for strap and tie beams .

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. . . . . . . . . . .132 13.2.2.2. Library edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141 11.4. Automatic generation of footings and beams . . . . . . . . . . .132 13.2.2.3. Library creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141 11.5. Analysis and results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 11.5.1. Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 11.5.2. Code check errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 11.5.3. Eliminate overlaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 11.6. Reports and drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 11.6.1. Foundation report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 11.6.2. Foundation and foundation reinforcement floor plans . .134 12. Contour maps and deformed shape . . . . . . . .136 12.1. Contour maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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12.1...

. . . .136 12.1.1. Loadcases and floors window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 12.1.2. Forces menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 12.1.3. Flat/Waffle slabs menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 12.1.4. Window menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138 CYPE 7 8 CYPECAD CYPE CYPECAD - User manual Presentation CYPECAD is the software for reinforced concrete and steel buildings which provides the spatial analysis, structural element design, reinforcement and section edition, and construction drawings of the structure. It carries out the analysis of three dimensional structures composed of supports and floor slabs, including their foundations, and the automatic design of reinforced concrete and steel elements. With CYPECAD, the engineer holds a precise and efficient tool to resolve all the aspects related to the analysis of the structure of any type of concrete as well as being adapted t

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12.1.1....

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o the latest international Codes. CYPE 9 10 CYPECAD CYPE CYPECAD - User manual 1. Program introduction 1.1. General aspects of the working screen By clicking on these tabs, different menus will appear containing various options for each stage of the building analysis. 1.1.1. Tabs The following tabs can be seen at the bottom left hand corner of the main screen of CYPECAD: • • • • • 1.1.2. Main menus Column Definition Beam Definition Results Contour Maps Deformed shape The main menus are located at the top of each main window of CYPECAD. These will allow you to access the various program options. The menus can also be accessed via the option bar which can be activated upon clicking the folder icon at the top right hand corner of the first toolbar. Fig. 1.2 Fig. 1.1 CYPE 11 12 CYPECAD 1.1.3. First toolbar The first toolbar has many elements common to all the tabs and are mainly visualisation and template options. The Undo and Redo icons within the Column

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Pagina 27 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza Definition,
Beam...

Definition, Beam Definition and Results tabs, allow to cancel or repeat the last modification. Fig. 1.4 1.1.5. Background Colours The choice of background colours of CYPECAD is limited to three options: white, grey or black. This way, a greater contrast is created with the colours of the structural elements and hence an optimum visualisation is obtained. Fig. 1.3 The background colour can be selected from the drop down menu that appears upon clicking on the globe icon located on the right of the first toolbar. 1.1.4. Second toolbar The program contains a toolbar with shortcuts to the menu options of the program (within the Column Definition, Beam Definition and Results tabs). These toolbars can be configured by adding or removing options by clicking on the hand icon (toolbar configuration) situated on the right of the toolbar. Fig 1.5 CYPE CYPECAD - User manual 1.2. On screen help 1.2.3. Book icon Within the title bar of several windows, an open book icon can be found whi

Pagina 27-Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza Definition,
Beam Definition ...

Pagina 28 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza ch upon clicking...

ch upon clicking on it will display general information on the contents of the window. CYPE programs have on screen help icons to provide the user with the necessary information on the program menus, dialogue boxes and options. There are four different ways to access the help options: 1.2.4. Quick guide The option information displayed using the F1 key can also be consulted and printed out by selecting Help > Quick guide. These explanations are those corresponding to the options found within the screen tabs. 1.2.1. Pressing F1 To obtain help on a menu option, press F1. All the icons with help explanations available will be highlighted in blue. If you wish to obtain help on an option within a menu, having pressed F1, unfold the menu and click on the desired option. The explanations in the dialogue boxes are different to those of the guide. 1.2.2. Question mark icon A question mark icon can be seen at the top right hand corner of the title bar. Specific help on a program option c

Pagina 28-Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza ch upon clicking on it will ...

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an be obtained the following way: click on the question mark icon then unfold the menu containing the option for which the help is sought and click on the option. A window will appear containing the required information. This option provides the same information as when the F1 key is pressed. This help can be deactivated in three ways: by clicking on the right mouse button, by clicking on the question mark icon or by pressing the Esc key. You can equally obtain information on the toolbar icons. Upon selecting the question mark icon , the icons will be highlighted in blue (as with the F1 option). By then clicking on the icon, the help information will be displayed. Fig. 1.6 Option windows that open within the program also contain the question mark icon in their title bar. By clicking on it, the option or icon help can be accessed. CYPE 13 14 CYPECAD 1.3. Job introduction To create a new job, click on File > New. A dialogue box will appear in which the job location, name and des

Pagina 29-Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza an be obtained the following...

Pagina 30 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza cription
of the ...

cription of the job are required. Fig 1.7 Once filled in, click on Accept and a second dialogue box will appear where the program will prompt the user to choose between a manual introduction (Empty job), or, if you possess the corresponding license, an Automatic introduction using a DXF/DWG file or IFC, or if you wish to view an Automatic introduction example. Fig. 1.9 1.3.1. Automatic introduction The job introduction is carried out in various steps with the help of an assistant which will ask the user to gradually input properties of the job, such as floors, their heights and respective loads. Depending on which type of automatic introduction is selected, be it using a DXF/DWG template or an IFC file, the building outline and support elements can be introduced. Fig. 1.8 Fig. 1.10 CYPE CYPECAD - User manual Fig. 1.13 Fig. 1.11 1.3.1.1. Automatic introduction DXF/DWG Having defined the building and floor data, the program will ask for a DXF or DWG file to be uploaded to use

Pagina 30-Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza cription
of the job are...

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as a template. One or several files can be uploaded. Their layer colours can be modified and subsequently the user will have to choose which layers are to remain visible. The following window will ask which files are to be applied to the groups, then which layers are to be used to draw the element geometries. Fig. 1.14 Fig. 1.15 Fig. 1.12 CYPE 15 16 CYPECAD 1.3.1.2. Automatic introduction IFC Upon selecting this option the program will prompt for an IFC file to be uploaded. Then, in a similar way as with the other automatic introductions, the building and floor data will have to be defined. The user will have to select which materials defined within the imported file are to represent the various elements of the job and assign properties to these selections. Fig. 1.16 Fig. 1.19 Fig. 1.17 Fig. 1.18 Fig. 1.20 CYPE CYPECAD - User manual Fig. 1.21 Fig. 1.23 Fig. 1.24 Fig. 1.22 CYPE 17 18 CYPECAD Fig. 1.27 Fig. 1.25 Once the introduction has concluded, the job w

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ill be generated and the General data window will open to allow for the design codes and job properties to be selected. Immediately after, the program will display the Column Definition window in CYPECAD where all the introduced data can be modified. To complete the introduction of the job, the floor slabs, supplementary loads, foundations and any other particular data must be introduced. Fig. 1.26 CYPE CYPECAD - User manual 1.3.2. Manual introduction neral dead and live loads of the structure have already been introduced when defining the floors and so need not be introduced here. The self weight of the supporting elements (columns, walls, beams and panels) are generated by the program and so do not have to be introduced. If an empty job is chosen, the user must manually introduce all the properties of the job. In order to simplify the introduction of these properties, it is important to be methodical. We suggest the following steps be taken to carry out the project within CY

Pagina 32-Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza ill be generated and the...

Pagina 33 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza PECAD, or...

PECAD, or alternatively, any other method can be followed as long as the creation of the information is structured and coherent. • Stair introduction. (Beam Definition tab, Job menu). • Integrated 3D structures introduction. (Beam Definition tab, Job menu). Introduction of the 3D structures defined in Metal 3D. • General data. (Column Definition, Beam Definition and Results tabs, Job menu). Upon creating a new job, a name and description must be assigned to it, the materials to be used and their respective options must be indicated, as well as the type of control to be undertaken in its construction. • Foundation introduction. (Beam Definition tab, Foundation menu). Introduction of pad footings, strap and tie beams. For mat foundations, these must be introduced from the Panels menu at foundation level. • Column and shear wall introduction. (Column Definition tab, Introduction menu). Description of the column and shear wall geometry and their respective positions. • Er

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ror identification and correction. (Results tab, Contour Maps and Deformed Shape). Having analysed the structure, the next step is to check the error messages related to the structural elements. All those requiring dimension modifications must be corrected and then the job must be re-analysed so to verify no errors arise and for the changes in self weight of the structure to be readjusted. This must be repeated until those errors implying dimension modifications to be carried out disappear. If no dimension modifications are required, the results may be taken as valid. • Analysis of the structure. (Beam Definition tab, Analyse menu). • Floor definition. (Column Definition tab, Introduction menu). Description of the levels of the structure, group organisation, heights between floors and the live and dead loads they must support. • Wall introduction. (Beam Definition tab, Beams/Walls menu. Introduction of the walls supporting the structure. • Beam introduction. (Beam Definitio

Pagina 34-Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza ror identification and...

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n tab, Beams/Walls menu. Introduction of the beams of the floor. • Preparation of the results. (Results tab). This is the previous step to generating the drawings. Here, the floor slab reinforcement can be edited or made more uniform, column reinforcement can be modified and columns may be grouped, if the user wishes to do so. Text positions can also be corrected here without the need of having to wait to make the corrections in the drawings. • Floor slab introduction. (Beam Definition tab, Panel menu). Introduction of the floor slabs to be used in the structure. • Special load introduction. (Beam Definition tab, Loads menu). This consists in introducing loads that have not yet been taken into account, such as those due to internal partition walls. Please recall that the ge- • Drawings and reports. (File menu, Print option or Configuration icons at the top right corner of the main CYPE 19 20 CYPECAD 1.3.3.3. Job examples window). This is the last stage in which the dra

Pagina 35-Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza n tab,
Beams/Walls menu....

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and/or...

wings and/or reports are obtained containing all the desired information generated by the program based on the introduced, analysed and edited structure. The program provides several examples, accessed by clicking on the Examples icon at the top of the File manager window. 1.3.3. File management 1.3.3.1. Recent files A list of the last six jobs that have been opened can be found by going to File > Recent files. By clicking on More…, a list of all the jobs opened with that version of the program will be displayed in chronological order. 1.3.3.2. ASCII file import to generate the foundations Fig. 1.28 File > Import > Import ASCII file 1.3.3.4. Search It is possible to import text files in columns or limited by commas to generate the foundations based on files exported from data sheets or other programs. Upon clicking on the Search button, the Search for job using thesaurus dialogue box appears. This options allows the user to search for jobs in the directory selected in the pr

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and/or reports are...

Pagina 37 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza evious dialogue ...

evious dialogue box (File manager) which contain the word indicated by the user in their name or description. From the files, the different loadcases are imported, as are the forces at the column starts for each simple loadcase and the column base dimensions. The import process is as follows: Click on File > Import > Import ASCII file. A window will emerge asking for the name of the job in which the foundations are to be created. Subsequently a new window will open from which the file to be imported must be selected. Having concluded the import, the job will have to be analysed. Fig. 1.29 CYPE CYPECAD - User manual Fig. 1.32 1.3.3.5.2. Decompress This is the opposite to the Send option; it decompresses a job with .CYP format. Fig. 1.30 1.3.3.5. Send, Decompress and Share jobs 1.3.3.5.3. Share These options are found in the File manager window. All these options deal with compressed jobs i.e. when all the files of a job are compressed into a single file with .CYP format.

Pagina 37-Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza evious dialogue box (File...

Pagina 38 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza
Using this...

Using this option, the user can share a job compressed with .CYP format. The job will be published on a server and will be accessible to third parties via a private link. Therefore, only those who know the correct link will have access to the job. The user can include a title and a comment on the job to be shared. Another dialogue box will then appear which indicates the link where the job is located, which may be copied by selecting it using the left mouse button so it may be provided to the person he/she wishes to see it. This dialogue box also opens the website where the job has been published. Fig. 1.31 The file links.txt, which is generated in the directory usr/cype/cypecad contains the links of all the jobs that have been published. 1.3.3.5.1. Send Using this option, the user can send the job to an email address selected from the scroll menu or save the compressed job to a directory of his/her choice (Only compress job). The user can optionally select whether or not to incl

Pagina 38-Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza
Using this option, the user...

Pagina 39 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza ude safety...

ude safety copies that may have been created from previous versions, or to include the associated files (the results from the last analysis). Any CYPE program screen can be captured to then share on internet via a private link which the user can then provide to or publish wherever he/she wishes to. Only those who know this link will have access to the captured image. CYPE 21 22 CYPECAD The image capture option is activated by pressing the F12 button of the keyboard whilst the active window on screen is that of a CYPE program. A dialogue box will then appear displaying the captured screen image and where the user can assign it a name and add a comment. Within this dialogue box, the user has the option to select only part of the captured image for it to be published. To do so, select the area of the image by opening a selection window over the image using the left mouse button. Having accepted the dialogue box, the program offers the user in a different window, two types of URL a

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the ...

ddresses so the user may insert the captures in any forum. The selected address will depend on which forum the URL is to be published at. Within the same window, the link which allows access to the published screen from any internet connection is provided. The file links.txt, which is generated in the directory usr/cype/cypecad contains the links of all the published screen images. CYPE CYPECAD - User manual 2. Templates 2.1. Template properties and options 2.1.1. Template fundamental properties So to optimise the use of this module, CYPE has established a series of help proposals to define the job. The elements to be introduced, such as the columns, external outline beams or beams defining openings in panels should be drawn with different layers. Fig. 2.2 Upon clicking on the Layer manager, the layers corresponding to the selected template will be displayed. These layers can be configured: visible or not visible, name change, colour modification, line thickness edition (if th

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the user may...

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thickness is...

e thickness is established as By size, it is possible to specify its value); it is equally possible to leave layer texts visible and allow object snaps on the entity of a layer. The external outline beams and opening beams should form a closed polygon. It is possible to use a single layer to define the fixed point of the columns. It will be represented by a closed polygon containing the point of the column to be defined as fixed. Each group should be defined by different templates or layers when a complete template of the job is provided: columns_grd, columns_flrs, columns_roof, outline_grnd,… To the right of the layer list, the results of the layer configuration of the template selected from the above list can be viewed. 2.1.2. Template options The Template views manager window can be accessed by clicking on the icon of the main window toolbar. Fig. 2.1 To attach the DXF/DWG templates to the project, click on the button at the top of the window. The list of imported templat

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thickness is established...

Pagina 42 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza es will appear...

es will appear in the dialogue box. Fig. 2.3 CYPE 23 24 CYPECAD Once the drawing templates have been imported, the program will return to the Template views manager where the templates will be displayed with their respective layers. Once the origin has been displaced, it is possible to return it to its initial position, in other words, to the original position of the drawing, by clicking on the icon. This option was brought about to be able to undo all the changes carried out on the coordinates using the Change the origin of the coordinates of a template option . To change the scale of the drawing when the scale value is unknown, use the option Adjust the scale of a template . The program will ask to graphically define the first and second points of the segment as well as the distance of the segment with a scale of 1:1. The option Group views allows to choose for which groups the templates will be visible. Fig. 2.4 Note: A view is a configuration of layers with the scale and c

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oordinate origin of a DXF/DWG drawing. Generally, it will only be necessary to create those views required as templates for each group making up the project. Each view will be related to a template and will have a unique selection of layers. Fig. 2.5 This option is equally accessible later on by clicking on the icon . However, in this case, contrary to the option window Group views, the window that opens only allows to activate or deactivate the views per floor. Within the top list of the Template views manager window, the available views can be seen as well as the Add, Delete, Copy, Displace, Transformation, Group views, Open and Save options located at the top. By clicking on Transformation , a window will open allowing displacements and scaled increases or reductions in size to be applied to the template. The scaled and displacement transformations can be carried out in two different ways: manually introducing the value within the Displacement and Scale fields, or graphically by

Pagina 43-Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza oordinate origin of a...

Pagina 44 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza clicking on
to
...

clicking on to change the coordinates or on to vary the scale. Fig. 2.6 CYPE CYPECAD - User manual 2.2. DXF/DWG Object Snap Object snaps can be activated within the Object Snap selection dialogue box, which appears upon clicking on the icon. Fig. 2.7 It is equally possible to activate or deactivate the object snaps by pressing the F3 key. If no object snaps have been activated, the object snap window will open automatically upon pressing the key so to select the desired box(es). If object snaps have already been selected, upon pressing the F3 key, the object snaps will be activated or deactivated. 2.3. Drawings and Reports Within the drawing editor box, the option exists to draw the DWG or DXF template associated to each floor. Fig. 2.8 CYPE 25 26 CYPECAD 3. Groups and Floors 3.1. General information on groups The program allows up to 5 floors per group. A group is defined as an assembly of one or more equal and consecutive floors and therefore, will contain the sa

Pagina 44-Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza clicking on
to
change the...

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reinforcement...

me reinforcement. Various aspects should be considered for groups containing several floors: Fig. 3.1 • Data introduction is the same for all the floors of the group. 3.2.1. Creation of new floors • The results that appear on screen correspond to the envelope of all the floors belonging to the group. Upon creating new floors, the program will ask whether the floors to create are to be Grouped or Single. • The design of all the floors of the group is the same. • Therefore, a single drawing is obtained for the group, i.e. a single floor plan, beam drawing corresponding to a single group, etc. • It is not necessary to regroup the floors unless a vertical support (column, shear wall, wall) or sloped beam begins or ends at one of the groups. Fig. 3.2 The number of floors to insert must be indicated, as well as their heights, live load and dead load (screed, etc.). A more specific name can also be given to each floor. The use category of the group is also to be indicated.

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reinforcement. Various...

Pagina 46 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza The use...

The use categories are defined separately (explained further down). If the user has already defined the use categories of the building, he/she will be able to select the use category for the group from amongst those that had been defined. On the contrary, if no use categories have been defined, only the default option is displayed and the user may modify the use category of each group later on 3.2. Floor and group introduction Floor and group introduction is done using the option Floors/Groups from the Introduction menu within the Column Definition tab. Unless a floor or group has been defined, the only visible option will be New Floors. Later on, other options will become available. These include: Delete floors, Edit floors, Edit groups, Join groups and Divide groups. CYPE CYPECAD - User manual This way, the live load combinations for each use category can be analysed correctly amongst all the use categories and the remaining loadcases of the job for which different use catego

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ries exist per floor. The use categories can be selected in the Additional loadcases (special loads) dialogue box within the General data window (Job > General data > Additional loadcases (special loads)). Fig. 3.3 3.2.2. Use categories Different use categories can be defined for each floor group of the structure. Examples of use categories include: dwellings, shops, warehouses, garages, etc. The number of use categories the program allows to choose amongst depends on the selected code. For example, the use categories for the Eurocode are: Fig. 3.4 • A. Domestic and household The categories that are selected in this dialogue box are assigned to each floor group in the Edit groups dialogue box which opens by selecting the Loads menu within the Beam Definition tab > Loads in groups or in the Column Definition tab > Floors/Groups > Edit groups. • B. Offices • C. Meeting areas • D. Shops • E. Warehouses • F. Vehicle weight <= 30 kN If a new job is created using the

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The...

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automatic introduction process, the user will have to define the use categories once the automatic introduction has concluded, then edit the groups and select the use category. If the new job is being defined without the automatic introduction assistant (empty job), the user can choose whether to define the use categories before or after the groups are defined, in which case if these are defined after creating the groups, the user will have to edit them and assign the use categories. • G. 30 kN < vehicle weight <= 160 kN • H. Roofs For the program, a use category consists of a group of live loadcases, be they automatic or additional, which combine with the other loadcases that have been defined in the job with the same combination coefficients. CYPE 27 28 CYPECAD Fig. 3.6 Fig. 3.5 Different use categories can also be defined for a floor group. To do so, simply do not introduce a live load for the group and once the geometry of the floor group has been defined, introduce

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the live loads at different positions on the group, assigned to the corresponding loadcase and use category. The user should bear in mind that the more use categories are defined for a job, the more loadcase combinations the program will create, and so, the time taken to analyse the job will be substantially longer. Fig. 3.7 3.2.4. Creation, edition and deletion of groups To group the floors, click on the option Join groups. This option will allow to select the floors to be grouped. 3.2.3. Elevation of foundation plane The elevation of the foundation plane can be indicated in the Edit floors window. The elevations of all the floors are automatically adjusted to the value given in the foundation. Within this window, it is equally possible to modify the names of the floors. Fig. 3.8 CYPE CYPECAD - User manual 3.3.1. General Options Copy from another group. This option allows to copy the properties of a selected group of floors to the floor that is currently being viewed. The

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destination group can be seen in green and the group to be copied in red (which is selected by moving the cursor over the group diagram). Fig. 3.9 Once this has been done, it is then possible to modify the properties (names, loads and use categories) of the created groups by selecting the option Edit groups. Within the window, the name of the floors are displayed with the corresponding selected floors highlighted in red in the diagram. Fig. 3.11 Reload group This option allows to recover the properties from the last saved copy. Any changes that have been carried out after the save will be lost. The program will ask to confirm the order before its execution. Fig. 3.10 Floors belonging to a groups can equally be separated using the option Divide group. Group surface information This option provides information on the total surface area of the current group, its beams and floor slabs. The area taken up by the columns and walls is taken into account within the total surface area.

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3.3. Floor and...

3.3. Floor and group options These options can be found in the Groups menu within the Beam Definition tab. Fig. 3.12 CYPE 29 30 CYPECAD Consult floor elevations Allows to consult the relative and absolute elevations of each floor. References Allows to modify the position and representation of the references of different elements. To do so, click on the reference to be displaced then at its new location. Show References Allows to permanently activate or deactivate the references within the floor view. It is possible to select the texts of those elements which are to remain visible. Fig. 3.14 Fig. 3.13 3.3.2. Views Fig. 3.15 Building section All the created sections can then be edited and/or deleted. This option allows for a vertical cut to be made through the structure to obtain a section view at that cut, which can then be viewed on the drawings as well as on screen. Afterwards, in the floor drawings, click on the Building sections to activate those sections to be

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3.3. Floor and group...

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visible (the size can be configured by the user) with the chosen floor plan. There is no limit as to how many sections can be obtained as long as a name is provided. Sections Lines may be introduced in any direction on the floor to obtain section drawings of the floor and visualise a diagram of CYPE CYPECAD - User manual 3D View Building these sections. When a section line is introduced within each floor group, a window displaying the section of the building produced by the line will appear automatically. Complete 3D view of the building including, if present, any integrated 3D structures. Each construction element (columns, beams, floor slabs supported by beams, etc.) appears in a different colour with their respective textures. The horizontal displacement bar rotates the building about the z-axis, whilst the vertical bar provides rotation about the x-axis. The 3D view has buttons available which allow to pass from conical projection to isometric projection and viceversa.

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be...

Pagina 53 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza
Fig. 3.16
...

Fig. 3.16 Whilst the viewed projection is that of the conical projection, it is possible to move around inside the structure with complete freedom. Within the representation, the floor slabs and walls are drawn with a degree of transparency to facilitate the visualisation of elements that would otherwise be hidden from view. 3D View Floors 3D view of the current group of floors or the selected interval of groups/floors. Fig. 3.17 Fig. 3.18 CYPE 31 32 CYPECAD 4. Columns 4.1. Definition of columns, shear walls or starts Having defined the starts, it will be necessary to introduce the loads transmitted to the foundations by the columns using the option Introduction > Columns, shear walls and starts > Head loads. To introduce a column, shear wall or start, click on Columns, shear walls and starts from the Introduction menu within the Column Definition tab. Before proceeding with the foundation design, the option Analyse > Analyse the job from the Column Definition tab must be

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Fig. 3.16

Whilst the...

Pagina 54 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza selected.

Bear...

selected. Bear in mind that if no floors have been defined, only starts can be introduced. Once a column, shear wall or start has been introduced, the Columns, shear walls and starts menu will contain more options allowing for them to be edited, displaced, adjusted, modify their fixed point, their angle, introduce fixity coefficients, effective lengths, loads, etc. If the foundation has been introduced, then select Analyse > Analyse the job (including foundation). 4.1.2. Columns 4.1.2.1. New column When introducing a new column, the initial group, final group, fixity and buckling coefficients, angle, and external fixity must be defined. Fig. 4.1 4.1.1. Column starts Starts are columns with zero height which are used to design the foundations (regardless of them being in the form of a mat foundation, pad foundations or other) without the need of having to introduce the whole structure and therefore, not having to define floor groups. Fig. 4.2 CYPE CYPECAD - User manual Th

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Bear in mind...

Pagina 55 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza e type of column...

e type of column must also be defined for each floor. To do so, click on the symbol located next to the floor numbers in the bottom section of the window. The program will then ask to choose between a concrete or steel column. Once the type has been selected, its dimensions must be defined. This option provides more possibilities as to the geometrical disposition of the columns within CYPECAD jobs. For example, columns may be defined in such a way that, for different spans, they are adjusted to different fixed points or have different angles or dimensions which cause part of the top span to lie within the projection of the column below. The program allows for an infinite number of spans to be introduced over each other, in other words, a column can be placed over another which, in turn, is placed over another, etc. Additionally, more than one column can start on the same column. Fig. 4.3 Having defined the properties of the column and clicked on Accept, the window will close and ret

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urn to the main screen where, the position of the columns can be selected by clicking at the desired position. Procedure Once the option has been selected and the cursor is then passed over a column, if it changes colour, it is possible to introduce a column on top. This occurs when the column ends at a floor that is not the last floor. To introduce a new column over another, the program draws a concentric circumference with the axis of the column illuminated (this will be the base column) on which it is possible to place the fixed point of the new column. 4.1.2.2. New column with its start on another column It is possible define the start of one or more columns on another column using the option Introduce a column with its start on another column. This option can be found within the window that appears upon selecting Introduction > Columns, shear walls and starts. To position the new column, left click using the mouse. The program will ask for the coordinates of the fixed point o

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screen where...

Pagina 57 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza f the
new column...

f the new column with respect to the fixed point of the base column. Having introduced the coordinates, a new window will appear similar to that used for the introduction of the normal columns, where the new column data will have to be defined. It is possible to introduce the top column using DXF or DWG object snaps to snap to the axis, corners, or midpoint of the column faces and the faces of the base column. In these cases, the program will not ask for the coordinates of the fixed point of the new column. Fig. 4.4 CYPE 33 34 CYPECAD For the reference of the new column or columns that start on a base column, the program uses the same reference as the base column followed by a letter. The first column will have the reference followed by the letter <>, the next with the letter <> etc. Fig. 4.5 Fig. 4.7 Do not forget that if the columns are not overlapping, the column is to be introduced in the same way as any ordinary column and not with this option as it is not a case

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new column with...

Pagina 58 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza of a column...

of a column starting at the top of another column. Option specifications The fixity coefficient of the top end of the column on which the new column begins is not affected by the value in the Fixity coefficient at last floor option (Job > General data > button By position > button Column options). All those elements supported by the column (top columns, beams, slabs…) will be considered as being fixed by default, except at the top of the last column span where a fixity coeffi- Fig. 4.6 CYPE CYPECAD - User manual cient different to one is applied (menu Introduction > Columns, shear walls and starts > Fixity coefficients). It is equally possible to pin a column reaching a beam or introduce a fixity coefficient other than one at the base of a new column. located in the option Groups > Show references in the Beam Definition tab. The transmission of forces from the top column to the bottom column is carried out bearing in mind the existing eccentricity. The user must evaluate the

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need to provide a construction detail to assure this transmission of forces. It is not possible to modify the external fixity of a new column starting on another as it is not possible to have external fixity. Fig. 4.9 4.1.2.4. Introduction of new columns using data from another column 4.1.2.3. Column edition Sometimes the case may arise that all or many columns of a job possess the same properties as one another. For this case, CYPECAD offers a tool that allows for a new column to be introduced based on the properties of one that has already been introduced. The column options can be modified in the menu Introduction > Columns, shear walls and starts > Edit. They can be equally modified independently accessing the options in the Columns, shear walls and starts window. Within the New column window (Introduction > Columns, shear walls and starts > New column), a Copy from button can be seen. Upon clicking on it, the New column window will close and those columns already introduce

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d will appear on screen. Once one column is selected, the New column window will reopen with all the data copied from the selected column. For example, the fixed point of a column can be modified directly from the Edit Column dialogue box or using the option Modify fixed point present in the Column, shear wall and starts window. This option allows to change the fixed point of the column keeping the column’s original position. Fig. 4.8 Upon selecting this option, a window will open where the fixed point can be selected. All the columns requiring this fixed point should then have it assigned to them. The fixed point of all the columns can be visible whilst introducing beams and floors by selecting the Fixed point box, Fig. 4.10 CYPE 35 36 CYPECAD 4.2. Column results The program keeps the data of the last column introduced when introducing a new column, and so allowing a quicker introduction in the case of similar or equal columns. 4.2.1. Column design Once the job has bee

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n analysed, those columns not passing all the code checks will be displayed in red. They should be verified using the option Columns > Edit located in the Results tab. Using the Copy option from the menu Introduction > Columns, shear walls and starts from the Column Definition tab, it is possible to copy, as well as the properties that can be copied using the option Copy from described previously, the horizontal loads and head loads of the column. Having selected this option, click, using the left mouse button, on the column whose errors are to be consulted and a window will emerge entitled Column design. 4.1.3. Shear walls In order to introduce a shear wall, its geometry must first be defined, which must be composed of rectangles. Other data to be indicated includes: a name for the wall, its initial and final group, followed by, in other windows, its thickness, external fixity and angle. Once all the windows have been accepted, the wall can be introduced at the desired point. The

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types of shear walls created are saved with the job and so can be introduced at any time with no limit as to how many. 4.1.4. Column minimum geometric ratios For each code and depending on the selected steel, there are minimum values for the geometric ratios of the columns. These values are usually those applied by the program for column design and verification. Nonetheless, if other values are required, it is possible to introduce them: Job > General data > By position > Vertical bar options > Minimum geometric ratios for static and dynamic loading. These user values will substitute the minimum ones from the code. Fig. 4.12 4.2.1.1. Concrete columns If several columns contain design errors, the following message will appear in the analysis report: “Columns (…) have a design error. They must be reviewed using the option Columns > Edit”. The column section is also displayed in red on screen at the floor at which the error is located. Column errors Within the Column design

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window, those column spans containing errors will have a warning symbol displayed on the left. A status column can sometimes be viewed dis- Fig. 4.11 CYPE CYPECAD - User manual playing letters, whose meaning is detailed below. Upon clicking on them, details of the check as well as advice on how to solve the errors is displayed. The verification controls that: Where: Vsd = the design shear force to which the columns section is submitted in each direction Vrd = Resisted shear force by the column section in each direction • Sot: Stirrups outside table Only one stirrup is placed. Review the column reinforcement table and the layout of the stirrups when creating the required types for the reinforcement and dimensions of the existing columns. Fig. 4.13 • Vr: Volumetric ratio of stirrups In the case of earthquake loading with very high ductility, the confinement geometric percentage is limited. This percentage is the ratio between the mechanical percentage of the stirrups and t

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hat of the concrete, per metre length of the column. • SAe: Excessive ratio The program considers the mechanical percentage between the concrete and the steel in the columns should not be greater than 100% and that the geometric percentage should not overcome 8%. If these values are exceeded, the letters SAe are displayed. • fr: Fire resistance check The program indicates if the section fails the fire check according to what was specified by the user. • Ve: Shear failure The program checks that the shear force does not exceed the force that would produce oblique compression failure of the section in reinforced concrete columns and for those cases where it is stated in the selected code. When shear reinforcement is necessary, the program also verifies the spacing required. • As/Ac ratio Within the Column design window, located in a column on the right is the ratio of the steel section to the concrete section expressed as a percentage. Upon clicking on the button, a window

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appears indicating the longitudinal area in the X and Y directions, the reinforcement area of the stirrup, the forces in both directions as well as the resisted shear force in each direction. 4.2.1.2. Steel columns If there are steel columns in the structure, a window offering design options will appear. If the program is to design the steel sections, the manner in which they are to be designed must also be selected. CYPE 37 38 CYPECAD This includes indicating to the program whether it can design the section using all the sections of the series or using sections greater than the current section. In the first case, if the program finds a smaller section capable of withstanding the forces, this section will substitute the existing section. In the second case, CYPECAD will only use sections that are greater or equal to the chosen section. In the windows that opens, the line weight of the sections is displayed as well as the ratio (%) of the resisted force to the design yield stren

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gth (elastic limit) and if there are any design errors. Fig. 4.16 The Optimum section button restores the proposed design section if it has been modified by the user. Fig. 4.14 In the Column design window and when dealing with steel columns, a new option: Check series appears. This option allows to replace the current column with another and carries out an immediate check on the result of the change. 4.2.1.3. Column data By clicking on this button (located in the Column design window), the following information is displayed: angle, fixity, support elevation change and depth of support. Fig. 4.17 Fig. 4.15 CYPE CYPECAD - User manual 4.2.1.4. Column layout When re-analysing the job, the program will carry out a check on all the blocked columns ensuring that all the conditions of the selected code are met. Those failing a check will be displayed in red. This button provides a layout of the columns of the selected or selected floors. If there is a column that has not been des

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Pagina 67 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza igned, (manual...

igned, (manual reinforcement), it will be displayed in red. If significant errors appear in a blocked column after a new analysis, they imply that the changes undertaken on the job after the reinforcement has been blocked, substantially affect the columns. It is therefore recommended the column reinforcement be redesigned. There are two options to redesign the columns: unblock them and then redesign (Beam Definition tab, Analyse > Redesign columns) or keep the columns blocked and use the Redesign option in the Column design window of each column (Results tab, Columns > Edit). Fig. 4.18 When modifications have been carried out implying an increase or decrease in the number of floors supported by a blocked column, the program will automatically unblock it. The column selected from the Column design window is marked with a yellow circle. By clicking on another column, the yellow circle will appear on that other column and if the Column layout window is closed at this point, the colum

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displayed in...

n displayed in the Column design window will be the newly selected column. Unlike what occurs with blocked frames, the program undertakes a complete code check on all the blocked columns. Therefore changes made to the structure after blocking the column reinforcement are not as conflictive. The blocking of columns is a very useful tool to have for different project situations, for example, to study how the column reinforcement varies depending on the applied fixity coefficient; subgrade modulus; jobs with mat foundations; etc. 4.2.2. Block column reinforcement The option Block reinforcement allows for the structure to be re-analysed without modifying the column reinforcement. This tool is located in the Column menu within the Results tab. This option is only applicable to reinforced concrete columns, the equivalent option for steel columns can be produced if, upon selecting to analyse the job, the Design steel sections box is left unmarked. 4.2.2.1. Things to consider when using

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displayed in the Column...

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The...

this option The Block reinforcement option has been brought about so not to loose the manual modifications that have been carried out on the column reinforcement upon re-analysing the structure. CYPE 39 40 CYPECAD 4.2.2.2. Procedure Once the Block reinforcement option from the Columns menu is selected, the Block reinforcement window will appear. Fig. 4.20 4.3. Drawings and Reports Fig. 4.19 4.3.1. Drawing options Within this window, it is possible to select the desired columns one by one using the left mouse button. It is equally possible to use a capture window to select several columns at once. At the top left hand corner of the window, there are two buttons allowing for all the column reinforcement to be blocked or unblocked at once. Instructions on how to proceed blocking or unblocking the columns are displayed at the bottom of the window. 4.3.1.1. View of the fixed point in the drawings It is possible to configure drawings to show or hide the fixed points of columns

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The Block...

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. Upon pressing the Configure button in the Drawing editor window and then selecting the Columns tab, the Fixed point box can be selected or unselected. Selected columns will appear in green. If there are steel columns, they will appear in grey and cannot be selected. The dialogue box must be accepted for the selection to be effective. 4.2.3. Force diagrams Within the Envelopes menu in the Results tab, the option Forces in columns and shear walls can be found. These options allow for force envelopes to be consulted (Moments, Shear and Torsion), by loadcase or loadcase combinations. Fig. 4.21 CYPE CYPECAD - User manual 4.3.1.2. Column stirrup options To take the indicated considerations for the stirrups (Job > General data > By position > In columns, walls and corbels > Options for stirrup reinforcement) into account, there is an option, allowing to draw, within the column schedule drawings, a detail displaying these conditions, and therefore avoiding errors onsite. Fig. 4.22

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This option...

This option can be activated in the Drawing editor dialogue box (File > Print > Job drawings > Add or Edit Column schedule). 4.3.2. Report options Within the report Forces and reinforcement of columns and shear walls and walls is the option Shear resistance check in reinforced concrete columns in which the shear forces are indicated for the columns of the job. Fig. 4.23 CYPE 41 42 CYPECAD 5. Walls 5.1. Wall introduction It is possible to choose a block from the program’s library or introduce different blocks in the library. These operations can be undertaken using the selection buttons and tools present using the Block field. Wall introduction is done by selecting Beams/walls > Define wall from the Beam Definition tab. A floating dialogue box will appear from which the type of wall (a reinforced concrete wall, a NORMABLOC wall, a reinforced concrete block wall or a masonry wall) is to be selected. 5.1.1. Floating menu Fig. 5.1 Upon selecting the option Beams/walls > D

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This option can be...

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from ...

efine wall from the Beam Definition tab, a floating menu will appear in which the introduction options belonging to the different types of walls are located. Fig. 5.3 For all the types of walls (reinforced concrete, block or masonry walls) a window appears allowing the geometry of the wall to be defined as well as indicating whether or not there are lateral pressures present and what type of foundation it will rest on. Generic blocks or NORMABLOC blocks can be used for block wall introduction. The dialogue box that is visible on screen contains options that are common to both types of walls and one option exclusive to NORMABLOC walls. 5.1.2. Wall types 5.1.2.1. Reinforced concrete walls 5.1.2.2. Generic reinforced concrete block walls Fig. 5.4 The block wall dialogue box contains a field in which it is possible to select what type of blocks the wall is to be made out of. CYPE CYPECAD - User manual Within the generic block walls, Series editor window, it is possible to activat

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from the Beam...

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e the With corner element box. The corner elements are to be used when the width of the block is not equal to half its length. This way, the special corner elements allow for a faster construction of the wall. 5.1.2.3. NORMABLOC walls Fig. 5.6 Prefabricated concrete walls are a traditional solution due to their properties. They can act as load bearing walls (resisting horizontal and vertical loads) as well as providing partitions or enclosing spaces where required. NORMABLOC walls do not have the option With corner element, although the program is aware if the manufacturer and selected block model have these special elements available and will use them, if necessary. It is possible to design and check existing concrete blocks (and those of manufacturer companies as in the case of the Spanish group NORMABLOC: National Association of Masonry and Concrete Block Manufacturers), optionally provide vertical and/or horizontal reinforcement, all this respecting the criteria imposed by Eur

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Pagina 74 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza ocode 6 (Masonry...

ocode 6 (Masonry design and construction. Part 1-1. General – Rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry). Provision of analysis reports, takeoff and floor drawings as well as a diagram on plan of the blocks and their reinforcement. 5.1.2.4. Masonry walls This option allows generic walls to be introduced. Within the General data window of the Job menu and upon selecting the wall icon , it is possible to define the modulus of elasticity, shear modulus, unit weight, design compressive strength, design tensile strength and whether or not to consider shear stiffness, required in the case of masonry walls resisting horizontal shear (produced by horizontal loads) and tension (in the case of walls supported by floor slabs and connected to higher floors). In the case of NORMABLOC blocks, it is only necessary to select, using the option Block from the dialogue box, the manufacturer and the type of block to be used. Fig. 5.7 Fig. 5.5 CYPE 43 44 CYPECAD 5.1.3. Wall openings 5.1.

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3.2. Opening reinforcement 5.1.3.1. General Upon clicking on the option Wall openings from the Beams/Walls menu within the Results tab, a floating menu with the following options will open: By selecting the option Beams/Walls > Wall openings in the Beam Definition tab, a floating menu will appear allowing windows and doors to be introduced in reinforced concrete, generic masonry and reinforced concrete block walls. Fig. 5.10 • Edit. Allows to edit the reinforcement of the door or window. If the opening is approached by the cursor, it will be highlighted in yellow and can be edited by clicking on it. Fig. 5.8 To introduce the openings at their correct positions, the floor viewed on screen must be the lower of the two floors between which the window or door is located. For example, if a door is to be introduced in a wall between floors 1 and 2, the introduction floor must be floor 1. In the case of openings in concrete block walls, when using the Wall openings option, it is pos

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...

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sible to adjust the opening within the block distribution of the wall. This way, the dimensions and position of the opening will adjust themselves to the length of the block so to avoid having to provide special pieces. Fig. 5.11 • Assign door reinforcement. By clicking on this option, the Assign reinforcement to wall openings window appears in which the reinforcement can be defined. Within this window, the Select button can be found, which allows to choose the reinforcement of a specific door opening, and the Assign button, allowing for all the doors which are to possess this reinforcement configuration to be selected. Fig. 5.9 For a better understanding of this option, please read the generic and specific help dialogue boxes that appear in the Wall openings introduction process. When openings are introduced in basement walls and generic masonry walls, the program does not warn of the excessive constraints in the lintel area. On the other hand, in the case of concrete block wall

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s, this check is carried out and the lintel reinforcement is designed. Fig. 5.12 CYPE CYPECAD - User manual 5.1.3.3. Opening reinforcement design • Assign window reinforcement. Same as the previous option except only the window reinforcement can be edited. During the reinforcement design process of concrete walls, the reinforcement of the openings (windows and doors) within the walls is designed. This reinforcement is designed to support any lateral pressures, forces at door and window lintels and at window sills. For those cases where the wall is subject to seismic loading and the acceleration is greater than 0.16 g, inclined reinforcement is laid in the lintel and sill. Fig. 5.13 If the ratio • Assign lintel reinforcement in concrete block walls. Works in the same way as the previous options, however in this case, it is only possible to assign reinforcement to concrete block wall lintels. Free opening span ________________________ Lintel width is less than 1.5 and the

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tension in the beam is greater than the tensile resistance of the concrete in compression, the beams containing the frame will constitute the inclined reinforcement. 5.1.4. Extend walls This option, accessed by clicking on Beams/Walls > Extend wall in the Beam Definition tab, works in the same way as the option used to extend beams. The wall is extended in all the floor groups in which it has been defined. Fig. 5.14 • Verification of the reinforcement at wall opening level. Activate this option and select the wall opening whose reinforcement is to be checked. The report of the assessed checks will appear. 5.1.5. Assign walls This option is located in the Beams/Walls menu in the Beam Definition tab. This option allows to select a wall and assign its properties to another wall or to a series of walls selected using a capture window. When executing this option, a type of wall must be chosen from the floating menu. A dialogue box will then appear describing the properties of the t

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ype of wall that has been selected. Fig. 5.15 CYPE 45 46 CYPECAD In this window, the properties to be assigned can be modified or copied from a wall that has already been introduced using the Select button. Using this button, it is possible to select walls of a different type to that which was chosen from the floating menu. With the Assign button, the properties displayed in the previous window can be assigned to an already existing wall. The assigning of a wall or properties can be done individually or to several walls by means of a capture window. b. Always provide reinforcement or only when necessary c. Only provide horizontal reinforcement or horizontal and vertical reinforcement. d. Type of horizontal reinforcement. 5.1.8. Column disconnection in masonry and concrete block walls Columns in contact with masonry or block walls are separated from the wall at floor level. This allows the program to obtain a more realistic force transmission for those columns integrated within

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5.1...

the walls. 5.1.6. Edit walls Beams incorporated in walls and crown beams are visible on plan superposed with the wall. The option Edit from the Beams/walls menu is used to edit the introduced data of a beam or wall. For each column that is contact with a strip footing, it is possible to design an equivalent pad footing. The forces used to design the pad footing are those reaching the foundation via the columns and the parts of the wall supported by the footing. 5.1.7. Design options Options for wall reinforcement are located in Job > General data menu and are accessed by pressing the wall icon . 5.2. Drawings and reports 5.2.1. Reports of block walls The block wall takeoffs detail the number of complete elements and special elements such as half blocks or angle elements. Fig. 5.16 These options allow to define: • The type of steel for the horizontal reinforcement in block walls. • Resistance properties of the mortar and blocks to be used in NORMABLOC walls. • Reinfor

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5.1.6. Edit...

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ced concrete wall reinforcement design options: a. Whether or not to use reinforcement Fig. 5.17 CYPE CYPECAD - User manual 6. Beams 6.1. Beam introduction manager The other icons represent the tools for beam introduction. All are located within this small window and many have direct access icons so to avoid having to displace the mouse in order to use these tools during the beam introduction. The information indicated in the following pages is available in the generic help windows in the program and the specific help windows that appear during the introduction. Continuous and discontinuous beams The introduction of the outline of a floor can be accomplished more quickly using a DXF or DWG template in combination with the various beam introduction tools. This option allows for simple or continuous beams to be introduced. 6.1.1. Beam introduction menu Fig. 6.3 Upon selecting Define beam from the Beams/walls menu in the Beam Definition tab and accepting the dialogue requestin

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Pagina 82 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza g the type of...

g the type of beam section, a floating menu will appear containing the following options: • Continuous mode The final point of one beam is the initial point of the next. To finish off the introduction of a series of beams, click on the right mouse button and select option Finish introduction from the emerging menu. While this option is not selected, the introduction of the beam in continuous mode will not be effective. Fig. 6.1 Current beam selection The first icon of the dialogue box opens the beam selection window to change the type of beam to introduce. There are more options in the mentioned menu. Some of these are accessible with a quick key: - Finish introduction: Ctrl + T Delete last point: Ctrl + B • Simple mode When the final point the beam is marked, another does not begin. If another beam is to be introduced, its start point will have to be marked, which does not have to coincide with the end point of the previously introduced beam. Fig. 6.2 CYPE 47 48 CYP

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Pagina 83 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza ECAD

Adjustment...

ECAD Adjustment of the beam The use of the option is helpful in the following case: the edge of the beam limiting the floor slab is, generally, shifted a few centimetres due to coatings or other elements of the façade. Usually, the lines drawn on the DXF or DWG templates are those representing the façade outline and not the structural floor slab limits. In all cases, the introduction line will not coincide with the adjustment line and will lie outside the width of the beam. This option allows for the beam to be adjusted to along its central axis or to one of its sides, in other words, change the adjustment line of the beam. Fig. 6.4 To understand this definition, two concepts used in the program must be explained: Straight and curved beams The shape on plan (straight or curved) of the beam to be introduced can be selected here. Upon clicking on this button, the four available options appear (unless the simple beam option is activated, in which case, only the first two options

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Adjustment of the beam...

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will be visible). • Adjustment line of the beam. This can be the axis or either edge of the beam. It is the reference line used by the program from which the distance is measured to the introduction line. This distance is indicated in the Move option. • Introduction line of the beam. This is the line that is marked with the mouse pointer during the introduction of the beam. The Adjust and Move options vary the position of the beam relative to the introduction line. Fig. 6.6 • Straight beams. The initial and final points of the beam have to be marked using the left mouse button. Changing the adjustment line can be done equally with the shortcut. Similarly, if the adjustment is to be changed during the introduction of the beam, all that has to be done is displace the mouse to the beam introduction menu. By pressing Ctrl + E, the adjustment type will change cyclically. • Curved beams. Using the left mouse button, three points have to be marked defining the initial, passthrou

Pagina 85 - Manual de utilizare CYPE CYPECAD Instructiuni montaj, utilizare Engleza gh and final...

gh and final points of the curve. By pressing Ctrl + A, the beam introduction changes from curved to straight and vice versa. What the program is really drawing is a series of straight beams forming a polygon adjusted to the outline of the circumference defined by the three marked points. With regards to the introduction and adjustment lines, these work in the same way as in the case of straight beams, except that in this case, they can be considered as curved lines. Beam displacements during the introduction This option establishes the distance between the introduction line and adjustment line defined in the previous paragraph. • Alternate introduction of straight and curved beams. When the continuous beam introduction is activated, a beam following the same shape can be introduced or Fig. 6.5 CYPE CYPECAD - User manual slab systems since flat slabs or waffle slabs cause the load descending from the column to spread out onto the wall and so not all the load is transferred do

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wn the column. If this problem is encountered, it is recommended that the wall support be eliminated and the wall be introduced using the option Beams/Walls > Define wall. straight and curved spans can be alternated. Two options appear in the menu: one beginning with a straight span and another with a curved span. This option can also be accessed using Ctrl + A. 6.1.2. Beam types The crown beam at the top of the wall cannot be specified with the program. Consequently, the user must provide a construction detail with the dimensions and minimum reinforcement for this element. Consult the construction details library supplied with the program. When introducing a new beam, the Current beam window opens where the type and properties (dimensions, section, shear studs, etc.) of the beam must be chosen. The following beam types are those that available in CYPECAD: Flat beams Non-structural or limit beams Flat beams are those possessing a thickness equal to the elevation difference betwe

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this...

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en the highest and lowest points of the floor slab they form the outline of. This option is used to define the outline perimeter for a solid slab panel when the influence of the edge beam with respect to the force resistance is negligible or is not to be considered. Its function is simply to limit the border of the panel. On site, if a beam is to be used to carry out this function, a generic edge beam detail of the beam to be used should be provided. Dropped beams Dropped beams can be rectangular, T-shaped and with a contributing compression head. In the latter case, the flanges contribute to the stiffness of the beam, but, for reinforcement calculations, only the web is used. This is a common way to model flat slabs framed by dropped beams. Foundation beams Foundation beams can be rectangular, L or T, or flat beams (the latter are used to close off panels in mat foundations). Latticed and prestressed beams Steel and composite beams The properties of latticed and prestressed be

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ams are defined by clicking on the icon that appears in the top right corner of the selected window. • Steel beams. Steel beams can be introduced as composite beams, welded in a box, separated with batten plates or joined, etc. The same section library is available as for steel columns. External fixity beams External fixity type beams can simulate, for example, the top of a wall. If the path of the walls coincide with the columns, they must be disconnected using the option Beam/Walls > Pin/Disconnect so that the vertical movement of the columns is not restrained by the walls. Note that walls may only be disconnected from columns in joist Castellated steel non-composite beams can be designed and verified. Within the Layout drop down menu in the Description dialogue box, the Castellated (web openings) option can be selected. Upon doing so, a dialogue box will open in which the properties of the beam can be selected as well as the shape of the ope- CYPE 49 50 CYPECAD nuous bea

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ms and this is why it is not necessary to use a second option (Adjust) to place the beam at its final position. ning (hexagonal, octagonal or circular), the dimension ratios and the number of filled openings at the ends of the beam. • Composite beams. It is possible to introduce (type 1) steel sections below the floor slab with a contributing concrete head by means of shear studs, whose geometry can be defined. 6.1.4. Polybeams This option can be found in the Beams/Walls menu from the Beam Definition tab. A partial fixity coefficient of 0.05 is applied to the connection of the composite beam with its support (in the same way as the column heads of the last floor) with the aim to reduce the negative moment and increase the positive moment. For CYPECAD, a Polybeam is an assembly of consecutive beams grouped in such a manner that if one undergoes a geometrical change, all the others in the group will also change. In a similar way, if one beam of the assembly is deleted, all the ot

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hers will also be deleted. Nonetheless, the reinforcement of each beam can be different. Composite beams are designed so that in the negative moment zone, the steel section resists all the forces and in the positive moment zone, the composite section withstands the forces. This option has great similarity to that of the curved beam introduction option. A curved beam is composed of several straight beams that change direction. If the properties of a curved beam are to be changed, each of the straight beams must be modified individually. To simplify the problem, it is best to group the straight beams and make a Polybeam. With regards to the moment calculations; it is not necessary to indicate the width of the contributing concrete section. The program takes the minimum between the calculated effective width and the width of the flange plus 10 cm for each side, if it does not consist of an edge beam, otherwise, the program calculates the width of the flange plus 10 cm. Even though it

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is not always useful, the Polybeam option is in most cases. This is because the Polybeam option allows for other options to be used to vary the groups regardless of it being straight or curved. To verify the positive moment sections, the effective width is different to that taken for the bending analysis. Therefore, in the beam editor, the width that appears is that of the effective width in the negative moment zone in case reinforcement is added at the supports, which is not designed by the program in the present version. The beams forming a curved beam are by default grouped as a Polybeam. Using the Polybeam option from the Beams/Walls menu, the beam can be decomposed or modified. The beams forming a curved beam are by default grouped according to a Predefined reinforcement span. This option, present in the Beams/Walls menu, also allows to decompose the group. 6.1.3. DXF or DWG object snap during beam introduction It is possible to adjust the beam with any of the DXF or DWG objec

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t snaps available (nearest, intersection, end, mid-point, etc.) The adjustment is carried out during the introduction of the points making up the simple or contiCYPE CYPECAD - User manual 6.1.5. Predefined reinforcement spans • Simple. The program generates a single sloped beam between the selected initial and final floor groups. A Predefined reinforcement span is composed of an assembly of consecutive beams in which the bottom reinforcement does not overlap at an intermediate point of the group. This will be applied for every group of beams whilst the length of the steel bars do not exceed the maximum bar length established in the program options. • Multiple. A sloped beam is generated for each floor between the selected initial and final floor groups. The reason for the existence of Predefined reinforcement spans is the same as that given previously to justify the existence of Polybeams. This allows to simplify beam reinforcement construction. Even though the Predefined r

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einforcement spans option is useful in most cases, it is not always. This is because the Predefined reinforcement spans options can be decomposed into various options allowing to vary the groups regardless of the beam being straight or curved. Fig. 6.8 6.1.6.1. Diagonal braces The composition or decomposition of the Polybeams and Predefined reinforcement spans, which imply a change in the number of beams making up the alignments (frames), is useful to view the designed reinforcement. In order to obtain the new reinforcement, it is only necessary to redesign the frames using the options in the Analyse menu. Using the option Beams/Walls > Sloped beams > Add diagonal braces, diagonal braces can be introduced and then carry out other operations with them. 6.1.6. Sloped beams For steel or concrete sloped beams. It is possible to generate a beam for each floor between the selected initial and final floor groups. Fig. 6.9 The window contains the following options: • Initial and fin

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al group. Floor groups at which the brace begins and ends. These groups should have a single floor. Nonetheless, the diagonal brace can go through intermediate groups containing more floors. Fig. 6.7 CYPE 51 52 CYPECAD at which the diagonal starts at is left on screen. The braces drawn on screen may look horizontal, but this is not the case. Two arrows are drawn within the bar indicating each diagonal. • Simple. The program generates a single diagonal brace between the selected initial and final groups. • Multiple. A diagonal brace is generated at each floor between the selected initial and final groups. As additional information regarding diagonal braces, it is convenient to know that a node is generated at the intersection of the diagonals and that these are designed for tension as well as for compression. For this reason, they generally present a slenderness problem, given that the program verifies that the slenderness of the bar does not overcome the maximum slenderne

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in...

ss (defined in the code) for those elements in compression. • Type. If a simple beam is selected, the user must indicate whether it is a concrete or steel beam. If a concrete beam is chosen, the width and depth of the beam must be specified, otherwise, the steel section to be used must be selected from the section library. In the case of a steel beam, a further option is provided whereby it may be placed transposed or upright. • Connection at ends. It is possible to indicate whether the connection at the ends of the brace is a fixed or hinged connection. Once a diagonal brace has been introduced, new options will appear in the Sloped beams dialogue box: • Buckling coefficients. These are required for sloped steel beams or for steel diagonal braces. The coefficients introduced are multiplied by the complete length of the beam between nodes. Therefore, in the case of two sloped beams intersecting at a point, the program will not take this intersection into account. The vertical

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in the code) for...

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and transverse buckling coefficients are established with respect to a vertical plane containing the bar and the Z axis of the structure and its transverse plane, not in the local axes of the bar. Fig. 6.10 • Delete. Deletes the selected diagonal brace. In the case of the generation being multiple, they are deleted in all the groups. • Copy from. If the user wishes to introduce diagonal braces based on others that have already been introduced previously on screen, click on this option. Having done so, click on the diagonal brace to be copied and the window containing the properties of the selected brace will open. • Information. It is possible to know the type of diagonal brace, the initial and final groups, real length, type of section, connections and buckling. The result is also drawn on the beam drawings of the group corresponding to the initial group. • Add. Allows to introduce a diagonal brace. The two end points of the diagonal have to be indicated for its introduc

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tion. For example, click on a beam from which one of the diagonals starts and then on the opposite beam, where it ends. Upon carrying out this operation, an automatic floor jump is not produced, only the floor • Edit. Allows to modify the data introduced for the diagonal brace. When editing the diagonal brace, regardless of whether or not it was a multiple introduction, it is only edited in the current group. • Move. Allows to displace the ends of a diagonal brace. CYPE CYPECAD - User manual It is possible to create a common beam for half the length of the beam, by selecting either end of the beam. Each part can be common to different groups. When displacing the diagonal brace, regardless of whether or not it was a multiple introduction, it is only displaced in the current group. • Assign diagonal braces. This option allows to copy the properties of a diagonal brace to one or more diagonal braces that have previously been introduced. The window that appears is similar to

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the Add diagonal braces window, except that in this case, as it has been explained previously, its function is to modify the properties of beams that have already been created. Upon assigning a diagonal brace, regardless of whether or not it was a multiple introduction, it is only assigned in the current group. 6.1.7.2. Undo common beam Option Beams/Walls > Common beam > Undo common beam. Splits a common beam into the two original beams. This must be carried out on the associated beam. 6.1.8. External edge beam introduction The option Beams/Walls > Define rectangular external edge allows to introduce a beam forming a rectangular outline outside the current perimeter of the floor. The command contains a further two options. Upon choosing either of them, the Current bema window will open to allow the user to select they type of beam to be introduced. 6.1.7. Common beam 6.1.7.1. Create common beam This option gives a beam that have been previously introduced in a group of floors, t

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braces...

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he property to exist in another group. This is the case for example, of a perimeter beam supporting a horizontal slab which meets an inclined slab. The beam supporting the slabs is a Common beam. The beam is only introduced in one of the two groups. Select this option and click on a beam; the program will then ask for the common group to be selected. On doing so, the beam will automatically be created in the group. The axis of this type of beam is drawn with a discontinuous dash-dot line. To undo a common beam, it is first recommended it be deleted from the associated floor group, if not from the group in which it was first introduced. • Introduce rectangular external edge with 0 angle. The two opposite corners of the rectangular opening must be selected (the sides of the rectangle must be parallel to the general axes). • Introduce rectangular external edge with any angle. Two corners of one side have to be indicated followed by a point on the opposite side. 6.1.9. Assign beam a

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nd wall options The Assign beams option within the Beams/Walls menu in the Beam Definition tab allows for the properties of the last beam introduced (or that selected as the current beam) to be copied to previously introduced beams. The beam onto which the properties are to be copied can be selected in several ways by means of a capture window. The reinforcement and envelopes must be consulted in the group in which the beam was introduced. The same option is available for walls using the option Assign walls. CYPE 53 54 CYPECAD 6.1.10. Extend beam 6.1.11.2. Corbel edition This option allows for the corbels to be modified. This option allows for the beam to be extended a fixed length or manually at one end. By selecting the Fixed length option box, introducing the length and then accepting, upon approaching the cursor to the end of the beam in question, the extension of the beam will be displayed. By clicking the left mouse button, the extension will be confirmed. Alternative

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The Assign ...

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ly, the beam end in question can be extended manually by not selecting the Fixed length option box, accepting, then clicking on the end and dragging it using the mouse to the desired position, finally confirming with a click of the left mouse button. 6.1.12. Corbel adjustment By clicking on the right mouse button, if sloped planes have been introduced previously, an option appears allowing for the beams to be adjusted to the intersection of the sloped planes or the maximum slope line. The adjustment of the planes to the intersection is necessary so to ensure the axis of the beam separating two floor panels, of which at least one is a sloped plane, coincides with the intersection of the planes of these floor panels. This intersection is represented by a continuous magenta line if it does not find any beam axes and a discontinuous magenta line in the opposite case. The axis can be adjusted to the maximum slope line, in which case, it will be represented by a continuous magenta line on

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the beams belonging to the sloped panels where the direction is not parallel to the maximum slope line. This line passes exactly through the centre of the beam (relative to its thickness and width). To adjust the beam, it must be clicked on. 6.1.11. Corbels These allow for a beam to be supported on a column indirectly to represent expansion joints. They should not be used as column supports. 6.1.11.1. Corbel introduction The following steps should be followed in order to introduce a corbel. 6.1.13. Beam reinforcement within walls and crown beams 1. First introduce a regular beam up to the face of the column. 2. Select the corbel to be introduced and define its type and geometry (the dimensions of the support area must also be specified here). The possibility exists to optionally reinforce the beams at floor panel level and generic masonry walls and concrete block wall crown beams. In the case of basement walls, the beam is reinforced at the top of the wall. 3. Click on the fac

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e of the column or columns in question. In the window Beam reinforcement within walls and crown beams located by clicking on Job > General data > By position > Beam options, it is possible to indicate whether or not to reinforce the beams for the different types of walls. The minimum thicknesses of these beams should also be indicated. At the centre of the support, the program will internally place a fixed support in such a way that the beam continues up to the support and only the vertical load is transmitted to the corbel. The beam is automatically disconnected from the face of the column (any shear or moment is not transmitted). CYPE CYPECAD - User manual 6.1.16. Beam joint and portal frame base references Allows the user to save the particular base references to be used for future jobs. An option exists for the beam joints and another for portal frames. These are located within the menu Job > General options > By position > Beam options. Fig. 6.11 To understand how the opt

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ion works and know in advance the dimensions of the beams that are going to be placed, consult the help options available in the window. Fig. 6.13 6.1.14. Effective slab width when using steel beams The Information option from the Beams/Walls menu in the Beam Definition tab allows for, amongst other things, to know the effective width of the slab supported by the steel beams. Fig. 6.14 6.1.17. Template object snap for beam introduction 6.1.15. Beam reinforcement editor configuration This option is only available to those users possessing the Automatic job introduction module. This allows, based on a single click, to introduce a series of beams adjusted to a template entity. It is possible to define the covers within the confinement zones (only when the analysis has been carried out with earthquake loading and all the reinforcement has been placed on site). In this case, vertical blue lines appear. Once this option has been selected, if the cursor of an entity (line, arch or po

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lygon) is placed close to the template, the beam to be introduced will appear automatically. This is then adjusted at its face or axis. If the cursor is situated to one side of the entity which is going to be snapped to, the beam is displaced in the direction of the cursor, that is to say, the adjusted side is that opposite to the cursor. If the cursor is situated exactly on the entity to be snapped to, it is adjusted to its axis. In both cases, to validate the introduction, click on the selected position. Fig. 6.12 CYPE 55 56 CYPECAD 6.2. Beam analysis and results stirrups of the elevation change beam to ensure continuity of the longitudinal reinforcement of the beam for both elevations. 6.2.1. Steel beam design within the analysis menu If there are steel beams within the structure, a window appears displaying the design options available. If one or more of the options are chosen, the design process to be followed must be selected. Length of the bar greater than the maximum

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This...

length. This error arises when the program cannot divide the bar and the resulting lengths exceed 12 m. An initial section size will be selected from the tables. The program will prompt whether the design is to be carried out using sections greater than that initially used in the job or from the first section size in the table. In the first case, CYPECAD will only design those sections greater or equal to that selected. In the second case, if a smaller section exists that can resist all the forces, this will be used instead. 6.2.3. Sloped beams Having analysed, a report appears indicating the errors incurred upon analysing the sloped beams. The following options are located in the Beams/Walls menu in the Results tab. Fig. 6.16 Information. This option allows to obtain the properties (types, initial and final floors, section or dimensions and reinforcement, fixity, buckling) of the selected beam. Efforts. Provides a list of materials, descriptions and forces by loadcase, combinati

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This error arises...

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on forces, force envelopes, usage coefficient in the case of steel beams, design results (or reinforcement in the case of concrete beams) and lastly, any design errors. Fig. 6.15 6.2.2. Beam errors Stirrup diameter greater than the thickness/10. In the NB-1-200 code the maximum diameter of the stirrups is limited. If the result exceeds this limit, the program will emit a warning. Errors. Sloped beams containing errors or problems are displayed in red. To view the specific error, click on the beam and the program will provide more information. Change in elevation requiring special detail. For those beams with a longitudinal elevation change, it is necessary to provide a construction detail indicating the additional Edit. In the case of a sloped concrete beam, the Results single sloped beam window can be accessed. CYPE CYPECAD - User manual Design concrete beams. Redesigns the reinforcement of all the sloped concrete beams of the job using the forces obtained from the last anal

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Design...

ysis. Design steel beams. Redesigns the sections of all the sloped steel beams of the job using the forces obtained from the last analysis. Here, two options appear: Using sections of the series greater than the current section and using all the sections of the series. 6.2.4. Copy reinforcement between frames at different floors Fig. 6.17 In the case of concrete beams, the window contains the following options: It is possible to copy the reinforcement of one frame to another similar frame regardless of its floor level. This can be done using the option Copy reinforcement between frames located in the Beams/Walls menu in the Results tab. The explanation on how to use this option is displayed upon pressing F1. Geometry. Allows to modify the width and thickness of the beam. Reinforcement. Allows to edit the stirrups, the top, bottom and skin reinforcements. • Copy reinforcement between frames of the same group of floors. Code check, design, detailing and 3D view options availabl

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Design steel beams....

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Situate the...

e. Situate the main view at the floor at which the frames are to be copied and select the frame to copy followed by the frame or frames to which the selected reinforcement is to be assigned. In the case of sloped steel beams, the same dialogue appears as with the option Beams > Beam errors > Check series for horizontal steel beams. • Copy reinforcement between frames on different groups. Situate the main view at the floor on which the frame to be copied is located. Click on the right mouse button and choose from the window that appears, the floor to which the selected frame is to be copied. Upon doing so, the selected floor will appear where the frames can have the reinforcement assigned to them. Immediately afterwards, the screen will return to the initial view; the floor where the ‘master’ frame was selected. Be it frames of the same group or frames on different floor groups, the reinforcement is copied in the following way: in Fig. 6.18 CYPE 57 58 CYPECAD Additional

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Situate the main view at...

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ly, once the job has been analysed and the analysis results have been saved, the option Check series is displayed in the Beam errors menu. The design can be carried out at any moment, for example if the design option was not selected at the time of analysing the structure or if the beam section has been modified and the user wishes to carry out a check without having to reanalyse the whole structure. the case of assembly reinforcement and the first layer of bottom reinforcement, the diameter, number of bars and anchorage length. For the remaining longitudinal bars, the diameter, number and length of the bars are copied. In the case of stirrups, their diameter, separation and reinforcement length are copied. Having copied the frame, it is recommended the reinforcement be checked in case the reinforcement laid out has been reduced with respect to what was required, as the program does not warn of this when it is copied. 6.2.6. Frame grouping The frame onto which the reinforcement is t

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...

o be assigned, must comply with the following conditions: Within the Beams/Walls menu in the Results tab, the option Group frames can be found, which allows for frames to be grouped amongst themselves. This is done after the job has been analysed. If the grouping is not possible, the program will warn of this and provide a reason. • All spans must be of reinforced concrete. • All spans must be of the same type. For example, it is not possible to copy the reinforcement of a flat beam to a lattice beam, however it is possible to copy the reinforcement from a flat beam to a dropped beam. This option does not undertake any checks regarding the conditions of the grouped frames. • The beams must contain the same number of spans. Any modifications carried out on one frame will affect all the others in the group. • Any difference in span length must be less than 25 cm. • If there are any elevation changes, their elevations and positions must coincide. In the beam drawings, a

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must comply...

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single frame will appear per group, indicating all the references belonging to the grouped frames. The option, Ungroup frames, performs the opposite process. If for one of the previous reasons, it is not possible to copy the reinforcement of a frame onto another, the program displays information explaining the cause of the failure. Finally, the option Add frame to grouping allows for new frames to be added to a previously established group. On the other hand, copying of reinforcement between frames does not imply that the beam drawings will all be the same; this will only be the case for those whose geometry is exactly the same. 6.2.7. Block frame reinforcement The option Block frame reinforcement allows for the structure to be analysed maintaining the reinforcement of those frames that are selected before the analysis. This tool can be found in the Beam/Walls menu in the Results tab. 6.2.5. Design of steel beams Once the structure has been completely analysed, the option is av

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ailable to design the floor steel beams. CYPE CYPECAD - User manual 6.2.7.1. Things to consider when using this option If significant errors appear in a blocked frame after a new analysis, it implies that the changes undertaken in the job after the blocking of the frame reinforcement substantially affect it and therefore it is recommended it be unblocked and reanalysed. When the program is reinforcing an unblocked frame, the program carries out all the checks stated in the selected code (bar spacing, anchorage length, etc) using the forces obtained in the last analysis. The option Block frame reinforcement has been brought about so not to loose the manual modifications of the frames due to the job being reanalysed or due to minor changes. This option does not intend to verify the frame reinforcement. If, once the reinforcement of the frames has been modified manually, it is necessary to carry out small changes on the structure and therefore re-launch an analysis, any manual modi

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fications made to blocked frames will not be lost. The option Block frame reinforcement can be used to maintain the reinforcement of those frames whose groups have not undergone any changes or whose modifications are insignificant. The program offers two options to redesign the blocked frames: Redesign all the frames or Redesign frames with changes (available in the Beam Definition tab, Analyse menu). This last option proves to be a useful tool as the program only redesigns the reinforcement of those frames that have been unblocked and those whose section has been modified. If the changes in the job imply a change in the number of spans of a frame, it will automatically be unblocked. 6.2.7.2. How the option works All these considerations should be taken into account by the user to decide which is the best solution. Those frames that are not blocked will be undergo the reinforcement design process each time the job is reanalysed. Having selected the Block frame reinforcement optio

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the Frame...

n, the Frame selection window will appear. Warning Be aware that after a new job analysis, the program will only check if the reinforcement provided (blocked reinforcement) in the blocked frames possesses the required steel area and if the deflection conditions are verified. The remaining checks are carried out in the regular design process (as in the case of unblocked frames). After a new analysis, any blocked frames not verifying the aforementioned conditions will be displayed in the colour configured for beam errors. The user should consult the reinforcement containing errors (Results tab, Beams/Walls > Edit beams) and decide whether, to resolve the problem, a small modification to the reinforcement is sufficient or if the frame should be unblocked and the reinforcement redesigned. Fig. 6.19 Here, all the frames of a group of floors can be blocked by selecting the box situated in the All column and in the row of the corresponding group. In the same way, by selecting the box in t

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the Frame selection...

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he None column, it is equally possible to unblock all the frames in a group of floors. If only a few frames CYPE 59 60 CYPECAD in the group are to be selected, click on the Selection button in the row of the desired group. The selected group will appear on screen where the frames to be blocked can be selected by clicking on them with the left mouse button. The outline of the selected frames will be drawn in red so to be able to view those selected and those that are unblocked. To undo a selection, re-select the frame. By clicking on the right mouse button the Frame selection window will reappear where the chosen frames will be displayed in the Selected column in the row of the chosen floor group. • The head diameter is insufficient for its nominal diameter. Increase the head diameter. • The head thickness is insufficient for its nominal diameter. Increase the head thickness. • The nominal diameter of the shear stud does not assure the ductility of the connection. Increas

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e the diameter of the bar. • The length of the shear stud is insufficient to assure the ductility of the connection. Increase the length of the bar. • The number of shear studs is excessive for the length of the beam. Increase the diameter of the bar or provide a greater section in order to reduce the shear force. • The thickness of the flange is insufficient to place the shear stud. The thickness of the flange onto which the shear stud is welded must have a minimum value. This thickness depends on the diameter of the shear stud. • The width of the flange is insufficient for two shear studs to be placed. Bear in mind that there are minimum distances to maintain between the faces of the studs and between the stud and the edge of the flange. A section with a greater flange width must be chosen. Fig. 6.20 6.2.8. Steel beams 6.2.8.1. Shear stud errors If a condition is not verified, it can be consulted using the option Beams > Beam errors. 6.2.9. Corbel checks Once the str

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...

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ucture has been analysed, it is possible to carry out a check on the corbels introduced in the job by clicking on Beams/Walls > Corbels > Check corbels from the Results tab. Any corbels displaying design errors will be drawn in red. A report of the checks performed on a corbel (regardless of whether designed correctly or not) can be obtained by clicking on it. Errors that can arise when using shear studs include the following: • The nominal diameter of the shear stud is too small. Its diameter must be increased. • The total length of the shear stud is insufficient. Increase the length of the bar or head thickness. • The shear stud is not anchored in the slab. Reduce the length of the bar or the thickness of the head. • The total length of the shear stud is insufficient for its nominal diameter. Increase the length of the bar. CYPE CYPECAD - User manual 6.2.9.1. Redesign corbel reinforcement - Redesigns the reinforcement of all the corbels introduced in the job using t

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he forces obtained from the last analysis. Skin reinforcement Stirrup intervals Beam section Confinement zones 6.2.10. Sloped beam reinforcement edition It is possible to modify sloped beam reinforcement. By selecting Edit from the Sloped beam window from the Results tab. The reinforcement can be edited and modified upon selecting the Reinforcement button. Fig. 6.23 • Splice lengths (lb). This can be modified by multiplying it by a chosen factor. Fig. 6.21 6.2.11. Configuration of the beam reinforcement editor Fig. 6.24 In the Results tab, upon selecting Beams/Walls > Edit beams > Configuration of the beam reinforcement editor, a window will appear containing the following options: 6.2.12. Force diagrams Within the Envelopes menu in the Results tab, the option Forces in beams can be found. These options allow to consult the force envelopes (Moments, Shears and Torsion), for simple or combined load cases. Fig. 6.22 • Reinforcement views. The types of reinforcement to vie

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w on screen can be chosen so to modify or consult the reinforcement more comfortably. It is possible to consult: - Top reinforcement Bottom reinforcement Fig. 6.25 CYPE Fig. 6.26 Fig. 6.27 61 62 CYPECAD If the option Loadcase or Combination is activated, a scrolling menu appears in which one may select the desired loadcase or combination. If a dynamic earthquake loadcase is selected, another scrolling menu will appear in which the Vibration mode of the structure can be selected. Having accepted the dialogue box, by clicking on the beam alignments, hollow core slabs or composite slabs with the left mouse button, their force diagrams may be consulted. 6.3. Drawings and reports 6.3.1. Sloped beams A drawing can be obtained of the sloped beam reinforcement. 6.3.2. Corbels Corbel drawings display the dimensioned geometry of the front and side views of the element, the main reinforcement and stirrups, the measurements and references of the frame and the column on which it is s

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CYPE
...

ituated. CYPE CYPECAD - User manual 7. Floor slabs 7.1. Floor slab introduction 7.1.1. Floor slab floating menu To open this menu, click on Slabs > Panel manager in the Beam Definition tab. This menu contains the following options: Fig. 7.1 • Define panel. Upon clicking on this option, the Panel manager dialogue box will appear, in which the available slab types are displayed: Joist floor slabs, Hollow core slabs, Composite slabs, Waffle slabs, Flat slabs, Mat foundations and Awaiting definition. Fig. 7.3 When introducing the panel, the direction of the reinforcement, ribs or joists must be indicated. Once this has been accepted, place the mouse cursor over a space closed off by beams so to select it and then click on an element parallel or perpendicular (depending on the selected introduction configuration) to finish off the introduction and establish its layout. • Delete panel (introduce opening). Place the cursor on the selected slab. Once this has been clicked on, the p

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CYPE

CYPECAD -...

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rogram will delete it. • Change insertion point. • Change layout. Upon choosing this option, a dialogue appears allowing to select the way in which the slab is to be modified. Once selected, upon placing the cursor on the slab, it will be highlighted and if it is clicked on using the left mouse button, it will be selected. The program will then prompt the user to select the beam or the two pass-through points that will define is new direction. Fig. 7.2 When a structural perimeter (area surrounded by beams) has been created, the program automatically defines it as a panel ‘Awaiting definition’. It is displayed on screen with a question mark, to remind the user that it must be defined. CYPE 63 64 CYPECAD same group. This option is not available for waffle slabs. If an edge fixity coefficient less than one is to be assigned to this type of panel, it must be done using the End fixity option from the Beam/Walls. • Panel data. Displays the data of the panel and allows for

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•...

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it to be edited. • Copy panel. Copies the data of a previously selected slab by clicking on it. The window that appears depends on the type of slab. It is possible to select what data is to be copied (Plane, Fixity coefficient, etc). Attention: It is very important to deactivate the Plane option whilst copying slabs with different slopes. If the panel from which the data is to be copied is located on another floor, by clicking on the right mouse button, a floor group selection window will appear. • Construction process. This option is only available for hollow core slabs. Allows to specify if the construction process of the hollow core slab is to be carried out with Shored construction or Unshored construction. • Enter double joist. This option is only available for joist floor slabs. Creates a second or triple joist next to a selected joist in the panel. Select the group in which the panel is located and click so to display the group. Select the panel and the program will au

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• Copy...

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tomatically return to the group where the panel is to be copied to. • Delete double joist. In the case where there are double or triple joists in a panel, it is possible to delete these by clicking on them, having selected this option. • Detail forms. Activating this option when waffle slabs have been introduced will display the forms making up the lightweight elements between the ribs; at the same time, the ribs are drawn with their real width. 7.1.2. Floor slab types 7.1.2.1. Awaiting definition • Minimum moments. This option is only available if the following types of floor panels have been introduced in the group: joist floor, hollow core or composite. When a structural perimeter is defined by means of beams or walls, the program automatically assigns a panel awaiting definition to the inside of this perimeter. Using the option Awaiting definition from the Panel manager dialogue box (Slabs > Panel manager > Define panel) any opening or previously defined panel can be ch

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anged to one awaiting definition. Panels awaiting definition can be substituted by openings (Slabs > Panel manager > Delete panel) or by any other type of panel available in CYPECAD (Slabs > Panel manager > Define panel). A panel awaiting definition can be assigned an elevation change, a slope and a depth. If the depth is assigned, any flat beams around its perimeter will adopt this depth. Upon selecting this option, a dialogue will appear allowing for the minimum moment values to be assigned to the different slabs. • Environment. This option is only available if prestressed joist or hollow core slabs have been introduced in the group. Upon selecting this option, a dialogue box will appear in which the environment may be selected. Using the buttons Assign or Assign all, it is possible to assign it individually or to all the panels of the group. • Fixity coefficient. A dialogue appears allowing to select the edge fixity coefficient. Using the buttons Assign or Assign all, it is

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possible to assign the selected coefficient to each individual panel or to all the panels of the CYPE CYPECAD - User manual 7.1.2.2.1. Reinforced / Prestressed concrete joist floor slabs The user can choose between using a predefined joist floor slab from the Library (catalogue of manufacturers) or to define a new floor slab by defining its geometrical properties. Depending on the selected code, the user may only have the option of creating a new slab by defining its geometrical properties, in which case the dialogue box will not display the two options. Fig. 7.4 By geometrical properties Jobs containing panels awaiting definition cannot be analysed and so there is less probability of the user forgetting to define a panel before the analysis. The user can create, copy, delete, etc., generic panel types, for use when the panel that will finally be used in the job is unknown, as well as being a practical aid as to establish whether the joists to be used will be reinforced or pres

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tressed joists due to their deflection. The panel awaiting definition is displayed in the 3D views. This allows the user to have a 3D view in which openings and slabs can be seen before the final type of panel has been introduced. When creating or editing a concrete joist floor slab, the following data will have to be entered: • Reference. Panel description. 7.1.2.2. Joist floor slabs • Compression layer thickness. Thickness of the compression layer above the form. Depending on the selected code, various types of joist floor slabs can be introduced. • Form depth. • Rib spacing. Distance between the axes of adjacent joists. • Rib width. The minimum thickness of the joist is to be indicated here. • Rib width increment. This increment refers exclusively to the thickness of the intermediate walls of the forms for the calculation of the stiffness and cracking moment when calculating the deflection. This is only considered when using concrete forms. • Concrete volume.

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Depending on the data introduced previously, the program calculates the volume of Fig. 7.5 CYPE 65 66 CYPECAD Library concrete per square metre. Nonetheless, the user can modify this value by activating the box and introducing the corresponding value. These are prefabricated joists whose data sheets or authorisations have been provided by various manufacturers. CYPE does not assume any responsibility for the data provided and so, it is recommended these be verified before use. Nonetheless, a logical control has been carried out on the data introduced. On the other hand, in those cases where the user wishes to introduce data belonging to another manufacturer, it can be forwarded to us and we can include it in the program, or, alternatively, a new data sheet can be created using the Panel data sheet editor program. • Type of form. The program allows to select between a concrete, terra-cotta, polystyrene or generic form to be used. Based on all the parameters introduced at thi

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s stage, the program calculates the total weight of the panel per square metre (volume of the concrete plus the forms). When generic forms have been used, their surface weight must be indicated by the user. • Deflection Code check. Depending on whether the slab built on site is composed of reinforced or prestressed joists, the type of joist has to be indicated so the program may calculate the deflection accordingly, as the cracked stiffness in these cases varies greatly (the case may occur where the cracked stiffness is practically equal to the gross stiffness, due to the prestressed effect, and so, the cracked stiffness/gross stiffness ratio should be consulted with the manufacturer). Fig. 7.7 The data to select is as follows: • Reference (optional). To be introduced only when the user wishes to assign a reference different to that proposed by the program, which is the name of the sheet plus the name of the panel, e.g.: FORMA, 25+5, Arlite. Fig. 7.6 Once the geometrical prop

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erties of the slab have been defined, the user can opt to export the defined slab to an internal library, so the slab may be used in future jobs without the need of having to define the properties sheet again. • Sheet. Select the manufacturer. It may occur that the same manufacture may possess various joists models (different steel properties, rib spacing, etc.). • Floor slab. Depending on the previously sheet selected, a floor slab may be chosen amongst those available in the series with varying thickness and rib spacing. CYPE CYPECAD - User manual - Using the previously selected data, a floor slab is obtained whereby the properties are summarised as information for the user: joist concrete, job concrete, prestressed steel, etc. - Floor slab sheet: this option attaches the technical properties of the slab for single as well as double joists. The contents of the properties sheet are those provided by the manufacturers. It contains data that must be provided and other that i

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s recommended be introduced: • Positive flexure of the slab. The data corresponds to that at mid-span: - - - - Type of joist. Established name of the joist. Prestressed joists Reinforcement per joist. This is the reinforcement defined by the: Base reinforcement + additional reinforcement of the whole length of the joist + additional reinforcement of a smaller length. • There are two differences between the prestressed joist sheets and those belonging to reinforced joists: 1. Service moments are displayed. These are the resisted moments depending on the type of prestressed concrete and the exposure class. The equivalence is as follows: Environment I = Exposure class III (structures inside buildings or external structures with little humidity exposure); Environment II = Exposure class II (structures with normal, non-aggressive exposure, or ordinary terrain); Environment III = Exposure class I (structures exposed to aggressive industrial or marine atmosphere, or in contact wi

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th aggressive soil, salt water or slightly acid water according to the outdated EH-91 and EP-93 codes). The resulting design service moment is compared, depending on the environment defined for the joist (using the option Slabs > Panel manager > Environment) to that of the sheet, and if it is smaller, it is accepted. On the contrary, a joist is found verifying all the conditions and if non are found, an error message is emitted at the end of the analysis. Rib area. Steel section area in cm2. Ultimate moment. Cracked moment. To calculate the deflection using the Branson method. Total stiffness. This is used to compose the stiffness matrix of the concrete joist. Cracked stiffness. To calculate the deflection using the Branson method. • Negative bending of the floor slab. The data refers to the support or end of the joist: - - - Cracked moment, total stiffness and cracked stiffness. Same as for positive flexure. • Ultimate shear force of the section. Ultimate shear force resi

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sted by the section. There may be several values depending on the type of truss, for example. For this reason, the type of truss to use will be displayed on screen and in the drawings. Reinforced joists - Infill section ultimate moment. Maximum resisted moment (ultimate) in the case where there is no form (infill). Additional top reinforcement per rib. The reinforcement is defined by reinforcement 1 + reinforcement 2 of a smaller length. Both lengths are calculated by the program. Rib area. Steel section in cm2. Typical section ultimate moment. Maximum resisted moment (ultimate). 2. No shear reinforcement exists. CYPE 67 68 CYPECAD 7.1.2.2.2. In situ joist floor slab This consists of beams completely built on site. These are built analogically to concrete beams. Therefore, a base reinforcement can be assigned to them using the option Slabs > Base reinforcement. Upon creating or editing an in situ floor slab, the following data must be indicated: Fig. 7.9 • Reference (op

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tional). To be introduced only when a different reference to that proposed by the program is to be displayed, which is that of the section series + the rib spacing. • Rib spacing. The type of form is to be chosen: concrete, terra-cotta, etc. as well as its properties (dimensions, weight, etc.). All form types can be created, copied, deleted, etc. The forms are generated using the library. Fig. 7.8 • Reference. A description should be indicated here for the type of slab. • Compression layer thickness. Thickness of the compression layer above the form. • Form. Choose the type of form to use: concrete, terracotta, etc. Possibility to create, copy, delete, etc. the different types of form. The forms are generated using the library (for more information, consult the element Library manager). • Rib spacing. Distance between joist axes. • Section series. The series of the section is selected but not the exact section within the series. The advantage here is that the program

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automatically calculates the required beam following the resistance criteria each time the joists are simply supported between the supports (the program automatically provides the slab a fixity coefficient of 0, which cannot be modified). • Compression layer thickness. Thickness of the compression layer above the form. • Rib spacing. Distance between joist axes. 7.1.2.2.3. Steel joist floor slab 7.1.2.2.4. Open web joist floor slab This consists of rolled I-section joists. Upon creating or editing a slab composed of joists of this type, the following data should be defined: This consists of simply supported steel truss joists. Upon creating or editing a slab using this type of joist, the following data should be entered: CYPE CYPECAD - User manual Fig. 7.11 Fig. 7.10 It is possible to modify or consult the value of a torsional stiffness reduction coefficient of a joist floor slab. • Reference (optional). To be introduced only when a different reference to that propos

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ed by the program is to be displayed, which is that of the number of sections of the two chords, the section series and the rib spacing. 7.1.2.3. Waffle slabs Slabs > Panel manager > Define panel > Waffle slabs. Waffle slabs can be divided into two types: those with a lost form or those with a removable form. When defining a new waffle slab, previously defined forms can be imported from the library (will open automatically upon entering the option for the first time) or alternatively, defined by the user. • Open web joist type. Select the type of joist. Each of the chords shall be composed of one or two identical sections depending on the selected type. The diagonals of the truss will be a single section, belonging to the series selected subsequently. • Section series. The selected section series should be composed of rolled or laminated steel sections. In a similar way as with steel joists, the series of the section is selected but not the exact section. • Nominal depth of

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the truss. Distance from the top surface of the chord to the bottom surface of the chord (not the distance between chord axes). • Passage of the truss. The angles of the truss should be between 30º and 60º. • Rib spacing. Distance between the joist axes. • Slab thickness. Thickness of the concrete layer (noncontributing) above the top chord. Fig. 7.12 Option Job > General options > Torsional stiffness reduction coefficients of a joist floor slab. CYPE 69 70 CYPECAD 7.1.2.3.1. Drop panels Once a form type has been selected, this can be edited in case the data provided needs modifying to adapt it to the needs of the user. Additionally, the layout of the forms may be viewed on screen by selecting the icon from the Panel manager menu. The configuration options for drop panels can be located in Slabs > Drop panels. A dialogue box appears displaying the options (the amount of options available depending on whether or not drop panels have been introduced or not). By click

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ing on the Configuration of drop panel generation button, the following parameters can be defined: Fig. 7.15 Angle of vision. From the centre, for each column face, the program sends a vision cone in the directions of the grid. Each grid is established with the angle provided in this option. If another column falls within the angle of vision, the distance to this column will be taken as the design span length used in the generation of the drop panel. If there are various columns within the angle of vision, the program will take the nearest one. If there are no columns in sight, the minimum length will be assigned. Fig. 7.13 Infill length. The infill is measured from the column face to the drop panel perimeter edge, and such length is calculated as a percentage of the distance between the column considered and the nearest column within the angle of vision. Fig. 7.14 When entering the panel, the user may choose to enter it parallel to a beam or by means of two pass through points (

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in case the are no beams in close proximity with the sought layout). Minimum length. Minimum length from the column face to drop panel perimeter edge with respect to the drop panel depth, in case of there not being any other columns within the angle of vision. Waffle slab panels defined in one group may be copied to other panels in the same group. Similarly, once a base reinforcement has been defined, it may be assigned to the waffle slabs of the group. Maximum length. Maximum length from column face to drop panel perimeter edge with respect to the drop panel depth. CYPE CYPECAD - User manual 7.1.2.4. Hollow core slabs Composite slabs consist in a steel deck profile collaborating with the concrete slab and with top and bottom reinforcement. The steel deck profile can be used to work in one of the following ways: Hollow core slabs may be imported from CYPE’s library or created by the user. Upon creating a new slab the program will require an amount of data to be introduced. T

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o aid the user in its introduction, a book icon can be located in the top right hand corner of the dialogue box, providing information on what is to be defined. • Form deck. During the construction phase, the deck alone resists its dead load, the weight of the fresh concrete and the construction live loads. During the service phase, it is only the reinforced concrete slab that has a resisting function. Some manufacturers propose various ways to position the deck: ‘n’ or ‘u’, depending on the properties sought by the user. ‘n’ represents the normal position whilst ‘u’ the inverse position. Once the composite slab has been introduced on screen, a discontinuous line will be drawn at the deck panel overlap axis, where the width is that indicated on the data sheet. • Composite deck. During the construction phase the deck works as lost formwork. During the service phase, the deck is considered to combine structurally with the hardened concrete, acting as reinforcement

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in tension, resisting the positive moments in the finished floor slab. The deck is capable of transmitting shear stresses at its interface with the concrete as long as a mechanical connection is provided by deformations in the deck (embossments). Fig. 7.16 7.1.2.5. Composite slabs The analysis and design of the steel deck are carried out according to the code: UNE ENV 1994-1-1: June 1995-Eurocode 4: Composite steel and concrete construction design. Part 1-1: General – common rules and rules for buildings, which is the official version of the UNE ENV 1994-1-1 dated October 1992. Composite slabs are applicable in structural projects in which the applied loads are predominately static loads, including industrial buildings where the slabs can be submitted to mobile loads. Fig. 7.17 CYPE 71 72 CYPECAD 7.1.3.2. Creation The total thickness of a composite slab, the thickness of the concrete on the ribs of the deck and the minimum height of the shear studs on the deck (in the case