PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului

Limba: Engleza

121 afisari

Tip documentatie: Catalog, brosura

Pagina 1 - PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza CONCRETE

IS THE SECOND...

CONCRETE IS THE SECOND MOST CONSUMED PRODUCT ON EARTH AFTER WATER Traditional focus of concrete industry on: STRENGTH PLASTIC PROPERTIES STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES ATTRACTIVE AND STABLE STRUCTURES …and structures that can withstand high hydrostatic pressure Design life vs. actual service life Design Service Life vs. Actual Service Life XX years Design Service Life Actual Service Life GLOBAL TREND: SUSTAINABILITY AND SMART USE OF RESOURCES SUPPLY SHORTAGES AND INCREASED COST OF MATERIALS DURABILITY OF CONCRETE DEMAND FOR LONG SERVICE LIFE NEW FINANCING MODELS AND DEMANDS FOR BETTER ROI What is concrete durability? “Durability of hydraulic cement concrete is defined as its ability to resist weathering action, chemical attack, abrasion, or any other process of deterioration. Durable concrete will retain its original form, quality, and serviceability when exposed to its environment.” (ACI 201.2R-10) CONCRETE The main reasons for concrete deterioration CORROSION

Pagina 1-PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza CONCRETE

IS THE SECOND MOST CONSUMED
...

Pagina 2 - PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza OF
REINFORCEMENT
STEEL
...

OF REINFORCEMENT STEEL FREEZING AND THAWING CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF THE AGGREGATE (ASR/AAR) CHEMICAL ATTACK CORROSION Strong in compression but weak in tension, concrete requires the use of reinforcement steel to stop it from disintegrating under pressure However, through cracks, voids and pores, concrete allows water to penetrate and deliver corrosive chemicals that eventually attack the steel designed to strengthen it. Once corrosion starts, it is difficult to determine the extent of the damage as it can occur anywhere along the network of steel reinforcement. FREEZING AND THAWING Under freezing conditions, water trapped inside concrete turns to ice and expands, creating cracks When the ice melts, the water travels yet deeper into the concrete, where the same freeze/thaw cycle is repeated The use of road salts and other deicing chemicals only worsen the problem by introducing aggressive chemicals into the concrete ALKALI-AGGREGATE REACTIONS (ASR/AAR) GEL AGGREGATE CHEM

Pagina 2-PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza OF
REINFORCEMENT
STEEL

FREEZING
AND...

Pagina 3 - PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza ICAL ATTACK

WATER
...

ICAL ATTACK WATER CHLORIDES SULFATES ACIDS THE ROOT CAUSE OF CONCRETE DETERIORATION WATER INCREASE IN CONCRETE DURABILITY/ SERVICE LIFE Threats to durability (internal vs. external) DETERIORATION SULFATES EXPANSION CRACKING CHLORIDES CORROSION REINFORCEMENT SECTION LOSS FREEZE-THAW CYCLES EXPANSION CRACKING GROUNDWATER/CON STANT HUMIDITY FILTRATION CORROSION PLACEMENT EXTERNAL SYMPTOM HONEYCOMBS AND COLD JOINTS CORROSION CURING FACTORS AFFECTING DURABILITY JOINTS CRACKING INSUFFICIENT COMPACTION POROSITY/PERMEABI LITY CONTAMINATION OF WATER OR AGGREGATES EXPANSION OR CORROSION CRACKING CEMENT OVERDOSE DRYING SHRINKAGE CRACKING MIX POROSITY LACK OF IMPERMEABILITY CORROSION W/C RESTRICTIONS CEMENT OVERDOSE CRACKING MIX DESIGN INTERNAL PERMEABILITY Rate of flow of a fluid into a porous solid The better connected these voids are, the more permeable the concrete is and the easier it is for waterborne contaminants to enter the concrete. Av

Pagina 3-PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza ICAL ATTACK

WATER

CHLORIDES

SULFATES...

Pagina 4 - PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza erage
Concrete is very...

erage Concrete is very porous due to shrinkage cracks, voids and capillaries REDUCTION OF PERMEABILITY REDUCTION OF PERMEABILITY = INCREASE IN DURABILITY ACHIEVING CONCRETE DURABILITY TRADITIONALLY More cement/low w/c ratio PENETRON ADMIX Low permeabilit y High compressive strength Low shrinkage Air entraining admixtures Self-healing Corrosion inhibitors Protection against chemical attack “ In addition, a class of materials referred to as permeabilityreducing admixtures (PRAs) has been developed to improve concrete durability through controlling water and moisture movement (Roy and Northwood 1999) as well as by reducing chloride ion ingress (Munn et al. 2003) and permeability (Munn et al. 2005). ” PRA (Permeability-reducing admixtures) PRAN PRAH (Permeability-reducing admixtures for nonhydrostatic conditions) (Permeability-reducing admixtures for hydrostatic conditions) Colloidal silica Hydrophobic pore blockers Crystalline admixtures Only crystalline adm

Pagina 4-PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza erage
Concrete is very
porous due to...

Pagina 5 - PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza ixtures can be categorized...

ixtures can be categorized as true PRAH Fig 15.5—Reduction in permeability of concrete using PRAs. Tested using modified BS EN 123908. Pressure = 150 psi (1.0 MPa). Time = 96 hours Fig 15.5—Reduction in permeability of concrete using PRAs. Tested using modified BS EN 123908. Pressure = 150 psi (1.0 MPa). Time = 96 hours Fig 15.5—Reduction in permeability of concrete using PRAs. Tested using modified BS EN 123908. Pressure = 150 psi (1.0 MPa). Time = 96 hours Report on Chemical Admixtures for Concrete (ACI 212.3R-10) Crystalline admixtures are recommended to reduce concrete permeability and increase the durability of concrete. PENETRON ADMIX – THE WORLD’S ONLY THIRD GENERATION, CRYSTALLINE PRAH A mixture of active ingredients in powder form that is added to the concrete to form an insoluble crystalline structure. The crystals form deep inside the concrete, sealing the pores, capillaries and shrinkage cracks from water penetration. KEY FEATURES Permanent dry conc

Pagina 5-PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza ixtures can be categorized as true PRAH...

Pagina 6 - PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza rete
Self-healing throughout...

rete Self-healing throughout the service life Versatile, can be applied in different ways No known incompatibilities with workability admixtures Non-toxic Protects against chemical attack (pH 3-11) HOW DOES PENETRON ADMIX WORK? A conventional concrete matrix has a multitude of micro-cracks, pores and capillaries through which water enters the concrete Water passes through the micro-cracks and capillaries in the concrete These pores typically have a width of between 0.1 – 0.4 mm When Penetron Admix is added to the concrete, the crystalline components react with water, calcium hydroxide and aluminum as well as various other metal oxides and salts contained in the concrete The chemical reaction that follows causes these voids and cracks to be filled with insoluble crystals Water is unable to pass through these crystal formations, and as a result the concrete becomes impermeable Should new cracks appear throughout the life of the concrete, crystals will appear in these cr

Pagina 6-PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza rete
Self-healing throughout the...

Pagina 7 - PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza acks as well,
preventing...

acks as well, preventing water from finding new ways to get through The result is a completely dry and durable concrete structure Penetration of water under pressure – NBR 10.787/94 (April 2007) Concrete: CPII-E 32 at IPT (Technological Research Institute of São Paulo State), Brazil Penetration of water under pressure – NBR 10.787/94 (April 2007) Concrete: CPII-E 32 Applied water pressure: • 1st and 2nd day: • 3rd day: • 4th to 7th day: 0,1MPa 0,3MPa 0,7MPa Item Specification Cement consumption CPII-E32 350kg/m³ Compressive strength 20MPa Fine sand 388kg/m3 Course aggregate 0 421kg/m3 Course aggregate 1 632kg/m3 Water 192kg/m3 Superplasticizer 0,3% to 0,4%/m3 Slump test 90±10mm w/c ratio 0,54 Penetron Admix 1% by weight of cement Penetration of water under pressure – NBR 10.787/94 (April 2007) Concrete: CPII-E 32 Penetration of water under pressure – NBR 10.787/94 (April 2007) Concrete: CPII-E 32 Penetration of water under pressure �

Pagina 7-PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza acks as well,
preventing water from...

Pagina 8 - PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza �� NBR 10.787/94 (April...

�� NBR 10.787/94 (April 2007) Concrete: CPII-E 32 Penetration of water under pressure – NBR 10.787/94 (April 2007) Concrete: CPII-E 32 SELECTION OF PRAH 3rd generation product that has no negative effect on setting time and strength development of concrete Comes in powder form and can be dosed at 0.8-1% by weight of cement in the concrete mix No water/cement ratio limitations Has the ability to self-heal cracks up to 0.4mm Has a longstanding and worldwide track record and been used on major projects EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Long-term durability study on the effect of Penetron Admix on the lifetime of concrete Compressive strength Drying shrinkage Permeability Self-healing ability Microscopic examination Freeze-thaw cycle resistance Sulfate resistance Chloride diffusion Service life estimation EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Tests and requirements to obtain high performance durable concrete TYPE OF TEST PROPERTY

Pagina 8-PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza �� NBR 10.787/94 (April 2007)
Concrete:...

Pagina 9 - PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza EXPOSURE TO FREEZETHAW...

EXPOSURE TO FREEZETHAW CYCLES FREEZE-THAW RESISTANCE EXPOSURE TO SULFATE ATTACK EXPANSION DUE TO SULFATE EXPOSURE EXPOSURE TO CHLORIDE ATTACK MECHANICAL RESISTANCE LENGTH CHANGES DUE TO DRYING PERMEABILITY CAPILLARY ABSORPTION STANDARD REQUIREMENT BS 5075-2 or NCh 2185 ≤ 0.05% CHANGE IN LENGTH BY EXPANSION. ≤ 0.05% CHANGE IN LENGTH ASTM C1012-13 and BY EXPANSION AT 6 MONTHS ASTM C1157 AND <0.10% AT 12 MONTHS CHLORIDE DIFFUSION ASTM C1556-04 YEARS OF SERVICE LIFE OF THE STRUCTURE BEFORE START OF CORROSION OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH NCh 1017 and NCh 1037 ˃ 30 MPa DRYING SHRINKAGE NCh 2221 < 0,8 mm/m per 1 YEAR. WATER PENETRATION RESISTANCE DIN 1048 ≤ 20 mm AVERAGE PENETRATION WATER ABSORPTION ASTM C 1585, Manual DURAR CYTED. COATING 3 cm, ≤ 5E-05 m/s1/2 (SEVERE ENVIRONMENT) EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Concrete property testing Compressive strength Drying shrinkage Permeability Capillary absorption Self-hea

Pagina 9-PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza EXPOSURE TO FREEZETHAW CYCLES
...

Pagina 10 - PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza ling ability

Microscopic...

ling ability Microscopic examination EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Compressive Strength 60 60 50 44 Resistance (MPa) 54 51 45 54 48 44 37 40 46 30 20 10 0 C without Penetron Admix C with Penetron Admix C1 with Penetron Admix 7 days C2 with Penetron Admix 28 days C3 with Penetron Admix EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Drying Shrinkage EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Permeability 60 Penetration in mm 50 53 40 30 20 10 3 0 Control Penetron Admix-treated Avg. penetration depth (mm) DIN 1048 equivalent (MSZ EN 12390-8:2009) EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Capillary absorption Capillary absorption (90 days) ASTM C 1585 1,10E-04 Capillary absorption (m/s^1/2) 1,00E-04 9,80E-05 9,00E-05 8,00E-05 7,00E-05 6,00E-05 5,00E-05 4,00E-05 3,00E-05 2,00E-05 9,60E-06 8,70E-06 8,50E-06 C1 with Penetron Admix C2 with Penetron Admix C3 with Penetron Admix 1,00E-05 0,

Pagina 10-PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza ling ability

Microscopic examination

...

Pagina 11 - PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza 00E+00

C without Penetron ...

00E+00 C without Penetron Admix Capillary absorption (m/s^1/2) Limit Severe Environment (5E-05 for coating 30mm) EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Self-healing abilities Flow rate reduction (self-healing of crack) 60 50 Flow rate (l/h) 40 30 20 10 0 1 5 8 13 15 21 29 36 39 Crack width 0.4mm 26,3 3,3 0,9 0,2 0 0 0 0 0 Crack width 0.5mm 58 7,5 1,2 0,3 0,1 0 0 0 0 Days EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Microscopic examination Control sample Concrete with Penetron Admix EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Main mechanisms causing concrete deterioration Sulfate attack Freeze-thaw cycles Chloride diffusion EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Process of deterioration initiated by sulfate attacks SULFATES+ MOISTURE INTERNAL EXPANSION OF CONCRETE CRACKING AND DISINTEGRATION OF MASS CAPACITY LOSS OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENT EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF C

Pagina 11-PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza 00E+00

C without Penetron Admix
...

Pagina 12 - PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza ONCRETE
Sulfate Exposure
...

ONCRETE Sulfate Exposure Sulfate exposure leads to cracking (due to expansion) in concrete without Penetron Admix. Treated concrete does not expand/crack and therefore prevents sulfates from entering. EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Main mechanisms causing concrete deterioration Sulfate attack Freeze-thaw cycles Chloride diffusion EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Process of deterioration initiated by freeze-thaw cycles FREEZE-THAW CYCLES + MOISTURE INTERNAL EXPANSION BY INCREASING VOLUME CRACKING AND DISINTEGRATION OF MASS CAPACITY LOSS OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENT EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Exposure to Freeze-Thaw-Cycles Freeze-Thaw Cycles Expansion (50 cycles NCh 2185) 0,2 0,187 0,18 Expansion (%) 0,16 0,14 0,12 0,1 0,08 0,06 0,04 0,007 0,02 0,006 0,038 0 C without Penetron Admix and without AI C1 with Penetron Admix and C2 with Penetron Admix and C3 with Penetron Admix and without AI without AI

Pagina 12-PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza ONCRETE
Sulfate Exposure

Sulfate...

Pagina 13 - PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza without AI

Expansion (%)

...

without AI Expansion (%) Limit for severe environment with 5% AI EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Main mechanisms causing concrete deterioration Sulfate attack Freeze-thaw cycles Chloride diffusion EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Process of deterioration initiated by chloride diffusion CHLORIDES + OXYGEN + MOISTURE SECTION REDUCTION AND STRENGTH REDUCTION OF REINFORCING STEEL OXIDE, CRACKS AND CONCRETE DELAMINATION CAPACITY LOSS OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENT EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Chloride Diffusion Apparent chloride diffusion coefficient CONCRETE Time (days) Initial Content Cl Cs (%) Superficial Content Cl Cs (%) 35 35 35 0.023 0.022 0.008 1.084 1.304 1.481 C without PA C1with PA C2 with PA C and C1: CEM II/B-P C2: CEM II/B-S PA: Penetron Admix Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Cl (m2/s) 7.20E-12 4.90E-12 4.66E-12 ASTM C 1556 EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Determination of

Pagina 13-PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza without AI

Expansion (%)

Limit for...

Pagina 14 - PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza concrete service life...

concrete service life extension The 2nd Fick Law of Diffusion EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Determination of concrete service life extension Property Steel cover (m) C without C1 with Penetron C2 with Penetron Penetron Admix Admix Admix 0.06 0.06 0.06 Chloride concentration: Surface, Cs (% mass) 1.53 1.30 1.48 Apparent diffusion coefficient, Da (m2s) 7.20E-12 4.90E-12 4.66E-12 Diffusion coefficient corrected for age factor, D(t)(m^2/s) 3.22E-13 1.40E-13 1.33E-13 Error function, erf 0.967 0.962 0.966 Chloride concentration limit in concrete, C(x,t) (%) 0.05 0.05 0.05 Chloride concentration limit in concrete, (% rpc) 0.32 0.32 0.32 Service life structure, t (years) 38.8 94.8 95.3 EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Determination of concrete service life extension Projected service-life according to Fick Law 100 Service life in years before onset of corrosion 90 94,8 80 95,3 70 60 50 40 30 38,8 20 10 0 C

Pagina 14-PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza concrete service life extension
The...

Pagina 15 - PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza without Penetron Admix

C1...

without Penetron Admix C1 with Penetron Admix C2 with Penetron Admix EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE Benefit overview Property tested Benefits of concrete with Penetron Admix vs. concrete without PA Additional benefits Drying shrinkage (1 year length changes <24% Less shrinkage cracking mm/m) Sulfate resistance No cracking under changes (ASTM C1012- No internal expansion sulphate attack 12) Low chloride diffusion Chloride diffusion coefficient prolongs coefficient (m2/s) <45% service life of the (ASTM C1556-04) structure Freeze-Thaw Cycle <10.53% of control Eliminates need for air length changes (%) sample entrainment admixtures (NCh 2185 Of 92) Reduction of permeability (DIN 1048) Crack width self-healing capacity Compressive Strength (Mpa) >91% ≤0.4mm >13% up to 60 years Extension of service-life (compared to control (in years) (Fick Law) sample) Activation of crystals reduces permeability Self-healing of new cracks Increases compressive strength E

Pagina 15-PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza without Penetron Admix

C1 with...

Pagina 16 - PENETRON - Durabilitatea betonului Catalog, brosura Engleza liminates need for...

liminates need for corrosion inhibitors EFFECTS OF PENETRON ADMIX ON THE LIFETIME OF CONCRETE PENETRON ADMIX is proven to significantly increase concrete durability/service life and is therefore recommended for ALL concrete applications that require an extended life span. Kuningan City, Jakarta, Indonesia Capri Residences, FL, USA Portocel Aracruz, Brazil Zipaquira Hospital, Colombia Arahova Conference Center, Greece Changi Airport Terminal 3, Singapore Chennai International Airport, India Mumbai International Airport, India Guarulhos International Airport, Sao Paulo, Brazil City Park Budapest, Hungary Talkatora Stadium, India (2010 Commonwealth Games) Milan Sud, Sewage Treatment Plant, Italy Green Point Stadium, Cape Town, South Africa The Troika, Malaysia Gardens by the Bay, Singapore Sportshub, Singapore