Rezistenta betonului incepe cu Penetron PENETRON PENETRON ADMIX
®
T O T A
T O T A LL
C O N C R E T E PP R O T E C T II O N
C O N C R E T E
R O T E C T
O N
DURABLE CONCRETE STARTS WITH
PENETRON ADMIX
™
Total Concrete Protection
v
Water above and below:
Modera Coral Gables, Miami, Florida USA
A 237-unit luxury apartment mid-rise
building (with street-level retail shops),
the Modera Coral Gables has six
residential floors above three levels of
parking and a large pool on the fourth
floor. With a construction site 1.6m (5’)
under the water table, PENETRON ADMIX
was used on all below grade concrete
structures; the three-level parking garage,
the matt slab on grade and perimeter
walls. The 4th-floor pool was also treated
with PENETRON ADMIX.
Leading performance specs
Easily mixed in during batching and unaffected by climatic conditions, PENETRON ADMIX™
becomes an integral part of the concrete matrix and performs consistently during the life of the
concrete. Constantly tested and improved, PENETRON ADMIX is designed to protect concrete in
the most critical environments.
PENETRON ADMIX ™ performance highlights
•
•
Provides ‘self-healing’ capabilities for cracks up to 0.4 mm
•
Enhances the compressive strength of concrete
•
Non-toxic and contains no VOCs (NSF 61-certified for potable water applications)
•
Resists chemical attacks (pH3–11)
•
Significantly reduces chloride penetration and carbonation
•
Effectively counters alkali silica reaction (ASR)
•
Prevents corrosion of reinforcement steel
•
Not a vapor barrier; allows concrete to breathe
•
2
Resists high hydrostatic pressure
Protects against sulfate attack
PENETRON ADMIX: The concrete solution
PENETRON ADMIX is the world’s most efficient and economic permeability-reducing
concrete admixture (PRAH), as defined by tests of the American Concrete Institute (ACI).
As a true PRAH, PENETRON ADMIX provides comprehensive protection against concrete
deterioration caused by chemical attack, freeze-thaw cycles and
corrosion, while
withstanding high hydrostatic pressure.
Added during batching, PENETRON ADMIX can significantly increase concrete durability
and service life.
The PENETRON ADMIX benefits
1. Increases durability and life-span
of concrete by 60 years or more
6. asy to mix into the concrete
E
during batching
2. liminates the need for any
E
surface-applied protection systems
7. on-staining tracer ensures
N
quality and performance
3. Saves money—lifetime concrete protection
8. oluble bag packaging eliminates
S
measuring and simplifies mixing
4. aximizes time on the construction site
M
5. oesn’t require specific W/C or cement
D
content to perform
Packaging:
9. Green” product that contributes
“
points to LEED projects
10. o incompatibility issues with workability
N
admixtures, such as superplasticizers,
retarders, etc.
PENETRON ADMIX is available
in different packaging containers:
➤ 18 kg (40 lbs.) bags
➤
25 kg (55 lbs.) pails
➤
3 kg (6.6 lbs.)
soluble bags
➤
Bulk sizes
3
How does PENETRON ADMIX work?
The science behind PENETRON technology
PENETRON ADMIX consists of Portland cement and various
active, proprietary chemical formulations.
The active ingredients in PENETRON ADMIX react in a catalytic reaction with moisture in fresh
concrete and by-products of cement hydration. This chemical reaction generates a non-soluble
crystalline formation throughout the pores and capillary tracts of the concrete that permanently
seals microcracks, pores and capillaries against the penetration of water or liquids from any
direction. This protects concrete from deterioration, even under harsh environmental conditions.
A MICRO SOLUTION FOR A MACRO PROBLEM.
Because water and waterborne contaminants penetrate
concrete mainly through capillary absorption and hydrostatic
pressure, countering this problem demands a “molecular level”
solution. PENETRON crystalline waterproofing technology
was developed and optimized over many years thro
ugh careful
micro-engineering. The results speak for our success.
magnification
5000 X
A comprehensive renovation and upgrade of the foundations of the famous cathedral and the adjoining bridge –
a popular Russian tourist destination – was carried out using PENETRON ADMIX to ensure freeze-thaw resistance.
4
v
Durability in freezing weather: Cathedral of Christ the Savior and pedestrian bridge, Moscow, Russia
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Distinctive and durable design:
Strauss Daly Building,
Durban, South Africa
A modern and dramatic design, the
Strauss Daly Building features large,
off-shutter concrete planes that create a
visually striking profile on a prominent hill
above the ocean. The concrete used in the
dramatic outside structure and belowgrade basement was treated with
PENETRON ADMIX to protect against
saltwater breezes from the Indian Ocean.
This is how PENETRON
technology works:
Adding to a concrete mix
1. PENETRON ADMIX is added to the concrete
at the time of batching. This disperses
the PENETRON chemicals homogenously
throughout the mix.
2. The PENETRON active ingredients react
with water (and with calcium hydroxide,
aluminum and other metal oxides and salts
contained in the concrete) to form insoluble
crystals, which fill in cracks, pores and
voids up to a width of 400 microns (0.4mm).
PENETRON ADMIX is an integral part of the
concrete matrix; crystalline growth takes place
throughout the concrete structure.
3. Water molecules (and harmful chemicals)
can no longer pass through the concrete.
However, air can still pass, allowing the
concrete to breathe. This avoids the buildup of vapor pressure.
4. In the absence of further moisture, the
PENETRON components lie dormant. Should
moisture reoccur at any time, the sealing
process resumes automatically, providing a
fully self-healing concrete.
2
1
PENETRON ADMIX is added to
the concrete at the time of batching.
The concrete sets and has
integrated PENETRON protection.
4
3
The crystalline technology
is act
ivated in the presence
of moisture.
The concrete structure
is protected against
moisture penetration.
5
Optimizing concrete for durability.
A VERSATILE MATERIAL. Concrete is the world’s most
Concrete is a hard and solid matrix, but also porous and
common man-made material that has transformed
subject to cracking. Waterborne chemicals can seep in
modern cities around the world from a horizontal
through pores, micro-cracks and capillary tracts, resulting
landscape into vertical societies.
in a wide range of problems that damage the concrete or
the underlying reinforcing steel.
The main challenges
Corrosion
Reinforcement
steel embedded in
concrete enhances
tensile strength.
Freezing
& Thawing
Water inside
concrete turns
into ice and
expands.
Chemical
Reactions
of the
Aggregate
The chemical
reaction occurs
over time between
the alkaline cement
paste and reactive
non-crystalline
silica in the
aggregate.
(ASR/AAR)
Chemical
Attack
6
Concrete is exposed
to chemicals suc
h as
chlorides, sulfates
and acids.
Water (containing
corrosive chemicals)
penetrates through
cracks, voids and
pores.
The expansive
pressure causes
cracking, scaling
and crumbling of the
concrete.
The Alkali Silica
Reaction (ASR), the
most common form
of Alkali Aggregate
Reactions (AAR) causes
severe expansion and
cracking of concrete.
These chemicals use
water as a way to
enter the concrete.
Steel corrodes;
the rust creates
expansive pressure
leading to cracking,
delamination and
spalling.
Once started,
difficult to
determine extent
of the damage
to the steel
reinforcements.
The ice melts, water
goes deeper into
the concrete, the
freeze-thaw cycle is
repeated.
Road salts and
de-icing agents
accelerate the
deterioration
process.
When the aggregate
expands, it forms a
gel, which increases
in volume by taking up
water. The expansive
pressure created
causes cracking
of the concrete.
The chemical
reactions lead to
cracking, loss
of mass and
eventually failure.
The concrete
lose
s strength and
subsequently fails.
PENETRON ADMIX:
Breakthrough for enhanced durability.
Test results show vast improvement in durability.
Recently, a two-year research project was completed by independent
labs to test the effect of PENETRON ADMIX on the durability of concrete.
The test included compressive strength, drying shrinkage, permeability,
sulphate resistance, chloride diffusion resistance, freeze-thaw cycle
These test results show that PENETRON
ADMIX completely eliminates the need
resistance, self-healing ability, microscopic examination of crystalline
for silica fume, corrosion inhibitors and
formation and most importantly—a calculation of the improved service-
air-entrainment admixtures.
life of concrete treated with PENETRON ADMIX.
Despite (ASTM C1556) test parameters
that apply a chloride concentration
4.7 higher than true marine
environments, the PENETRON
ADMIX-treated concrete added up
OVERVIEW of the TEST RESULTS
to 60 years or more to the service
life
of conventional concrete
(before the onset of corrosion).
Individual Test
A second chloride migration test
Benefits of
PENETRON ADMIX
vs. untreated
concrete
Additional
Benefits
done with CEM III/A, an extremely
durable concrete mix design, still
yielded an additional 40 years of
service life with PENETRON ADMIX.
Drying & shrinkage
(1 year length changes mm/m)
Sulfate resistance
changes
(ASTM C1012-12)
Chloride diffusion
coefficient (m2/s)
(ASTM C1556-04)
To achieve concrete
durability, especially in
critical environments,
properties such as
low permeability,
low shrinkage and
self-healing—protection
against chemical attack
must be realized.
Freeze-thaw cycle
length changes (%)
(NCh 2185 Of 92)
<24%
Reduced shrinkage
and cracking
No internal
expansion
No cracking under
sulfate attack
<45%
<10.53%
of control sample
Reduction of permeability
(crack width)
Compressive strength
(Mpa)
Extension in service life
(years)
Eliminates need for
air-entrainment
admixtures
A
ctivation of crystals
reduces permeability
(DIN 1048)
Self-healing capacity
Low chloride
diffusion coefficient
prolongs service life
of the structure
≤0.4mm
13%
Up to 60 years
(compared to
control samples)
Concrete self-heals
new cracks
Increases
compressive strength
Eliminates need for
corrosion inhibitors
7
PENETRON ADMIX:
The leading crystalline technology for durability.
The only
3rd generation
crystalline
admixture.
When PENETRON ADMIX is added to
the concrete, it reduces permeability
by permanently sealing microcracks, pores and capillaries,
effectively protecting the concrete
against water penetration and
the effects of deterioration, even
under high hydrostatic pressure.
Now in its third generation,
PENETRON ADMIX is continually
optimized to ensure industry-leading
performance. The strength, slump
or setting time of the concrete are
never affected.
Getting durable
concrete.
The prime concern for concrete
designers has traditionally been
resistance to mechanical st
ress,
i.e. strength. In recent years,
durability has become an equally
important factor. Tests and
experience have shown that
durability cannot be achieved
just with optimal W/C ratio, high
compressive strength mixes or
added cement / air integration.
Adding up
to 60 + years
to the concrete
lifespan.
Concrete durability in critical
environments is a result of low
permeability, low shrinkage, selfhealing capabilities and resistance
to chemical attack. PENETRON
ADMIX delivers the technology to
provide these properties. Recent
test results show that PENETRON
ADMIX can add up to 60 years to
a variety of concrete, including CEM
II/B-P, CEM II/B–S and CEM III/A,
in critical environments before the
onset of corrosion.
Shelf-life in years
before onset of corrosion
Projected concrete service life (according to Fick’s Law)
8
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
94.8
years of service life
95.3
years of service life
38.8
years of service life
Mix 1: Tested without PENETRON ADMIX
Mix 2 & 3: Tested with PENETRON ADMIX
v Extended Service Life:
Recent breakthrough tests show
that PENETRON ADMIX (as a
‘Permeability Reducing Admixture
for Hydrostatic Conditions’) can
extend the service life of concrete
structures in severe environments
by 60 years or more.
v
Elegant and durable: Arena Fonte Nova, Salvador, Brazil
A FIFA World Cup venue adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean, the Arena Fonte Nova stadium
is a multi-purpose complex for sports and cultural events with a 55,000-seat capacity,
a 2,000-car parking garage, food courts and 12 elevators. The basement slabs and lower
reservoirs were sealed with PENETRON ADMIX, ensuring a durable structure.
v
Durability: Central Train
Station, Samara, Russia
The new train station, built
to replace the original 1876
building, features one of
Europe’s highest railway
buildings (93m / 307 feet) and
a hotel. PENETRON ADMIX
was used to waterproof all
the below-grade structures
(including the underground
pedestrian tunnel, found
ations
and basements).
9
PENETRON ADMIX makes good concrete better.
Increasing concrete performance
A key characteristic influencing concrete durability is
permeability by water, carbon dioxide, chloride, sulfates and
other potentially harmful substances. Increasing durability by
reducing the ingress of harmful substances, as shown by the
examples below, underline how PENETRON ADMIX enhances
durability by improving many aspects of concrete performance.
While an optimal W/C ratio is crucial
in achieving the desired overall
concrete performance, permeability
is crucial for concrete durability:
decreased permeability means
increased durability. PENETRON
ADMIX reduces shrinkage cracking
and seals micro-cracks. It provides
self-healing of cracks (up to
0.4mm) over the service life of
the structure. Finally, our
admixture provides a 70% or
more permeability reduction
as per ACI guidelines for PRAH
(permeability-reducing admixtures
for hydrostatic conditions).
Corrosion of steel
Corrosi
on is an electrochemical
process that occurs with a difference
in electrical potential of steel and
the surrounding cement matrix.
Chloride-induced corrosion of steel is
one of the most important aspects of
concrete durability. Concrete dosed
with PENETRON ADMIX ensures
huge reductions in rapid chloride
permeability test (RCPT) values (as per
ASTM C-1202 and AASHTO T-277 tests)
by reducing chloride ion permeability.
10
Self-healing properties
PENETRON ADMIX is hydrophilic
product that reacts with moisture
and concrete minerals to form
crystals in cracks and voids. This
gives concrete a permanent selfhealing capability. Whenever new
moisture enters, PENETRON ADMIX
develops new crystal formations that
seal newly formed micro-cracks.
Freeze / thaw resistance
In cold climates, freeze-thaw cycles
are a major factor in the deterioration
of exposed concrete structures
(bridges, roads, etc.). Water inside
the concrete expands when it freezes,
causing internal pressure; this leads
to crackin
g and the following thaw
allows water to penetrate deeper
into the newly formed cracks, then
expanding again and causing further
damage—as the cycle repeats itself.
Tests of PENETRON ADMIX-treated
concrete show a 90% reduction
in length changes due to freezethaw cycles.
Strength of concrete
Depending on the design strength
of the concrete, PENETRON ADMIX
can increase compressive strength
of concrete.
Acid resistance
When under acid attack, some
projects face potential dissolution
of the concrete matrix and a
subsequent loss of structural
integrity. PENETRON ADMIX offers
protection against chemical attack
(pH 3-11) and is the preferred and
widely-used solution for wastewater
treatment plants.
Watertight development: Brickell CitiCentre,
Miami, Florida USA
In a huge project ( acres / 3.7 hectares) in Miami’s
9
financial district, PENETRON ADMIX treated belowground structures (and garage) at the saturated site.
v
Permeability
Alkali silica reaction (ASR)
v
Susceptible t
g and the following thaw
allows water to penetrate deeper
into the newly formed cracks, then
expanding again and causing further
damage—as the cycle repeats itself.
Tests of PENETRON ADMIX-treated
concrete show a 90% reduction
in length changes due to freezethaw cycles.
Strength of concrete
Depending on the design strength
of the concrete, PENETRON ADMIX
can increase compressive strength
of concrete.
Acid resistance
When under acid attack, some
projects face potential dissolution
of the concrete matrix and a
subsequent loss of structural
integrity. PENETRON ADMIX offers
protection against chemical attack
(pH 3-11) and is the preferred and
widely-used solution for wastewater
treatment plants.
Watertight development: Brickell CitiCentre,
Miami, Florida USA
In a huge project ( acres / 3.7 hectares) in Miami’s
9
financial district, PENETRON ADMIX treated belowground structures (and garage) at the saturated site.
v
Permeability
Alkali silica reaction (ASR)
v
Susceptible t
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