Documentatie atasata la

Programe software pentru arhitectura, instalatii, structuri beton, metal CYPE

Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D

Limba: Engleza

396 afisari

Tip documentatie: Fisa tehnica

Pagina 1 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza 2

IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THE...

2 IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT CAREFULLY. The information contained in this document is property of CYPE Ingenieros, S.A. and cannot be reproduced nor transferred partially or completely in any way or by any means, be it electrically or mechanically, under any circumstances, without previous written authorisation of CYPE Ingenieros, S.A. Copyright infringement may be constituted as a crime (article 270 and onwards of the Penal code). This document and the information it contains form an integral part of the documentation accompanying the User License of CYPE Ingenieros S.A. programs and cannot be separated. Therefore it is protected by the same laws and rights. Do not forget to read, understand and accept the User License Contract of the software of which this documentation forms part of before using any component of the product. If the terms and conditions of the User License Contract are NOT accepted, immediately return the software and all the elements accompanying

Pagina 1-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza 2

IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT...

Pagina 2 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza the product to where it was first...

the product to where it was first acquired for a complete refund. This manual corresponds to the software version indicated by CYPE Ingenieros, S.A. as Metal 3D. The information contained in this document substantially describes the properties and methods of use of the program or programs accompanying it. The information contained in this document could have been modified after its mechanical edition without issuing a warning. The software accompanying this document can be submitted to modifications without issuing a previous warning. CYPE Ingenieros, S.A. has other services available, one of these being the Updates, which allows the user to acquire the latest versions of the software and accompanying documentation. If there are any doubts with respect to this text or with the software User License or for any queries, please contact CYPE Ingenieros, S.A. by consulting the corresponding Authorised Local Distributor or the After-sales department at: Avda. Eusebio Sempere, 5 – 03003 A

Pagina 2-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza the product to where it was first acquired for a ...

Pagina 3 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza licante (Spain) • Tel : +34 965 92...

licante (Spain) • Tel : +34 965 92 25 50 • Fax: +34 965 12 49 50 • www.cype.com CYPE Ingenieros, S.A. 1st Edition (September 2010) Edited and printed in Alicante (Spain) Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. CYPE Metal 3D - Practical example Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 2.3.13.3. Bar check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 2.3.13.4. Force consultation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 2. Practical example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 2.3.14. Baseplates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 2.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 2.3.15. Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 2.2. Portal frame generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 2.3.15.1. Foot

Pagina 3-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza licante (Spain) • Tel : +34 965 92 25 50 •...

Pagina 4 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza ing introduction . . . . . . . . . . ....

ing introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 2.2.1. Loads generated by the program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 2.3.15.2. Strap and tie beam introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 2.3.15.3. Data definition before the design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 2.2.1.1. Wind loadcase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 2.3.15.4. Foundation design and check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 2.3. Metal 3D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 2.3.15.5. Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 2.3.1. Node and bar introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 2.3.16. Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 2.3.2. Hide/ Show planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 2.3.16.1. Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Pagina 5 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza
2.3.3. Creation of new views . . . . ...

2.3.3. Creation of new views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 2.3.16.2. Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 2.3.4. Bar introduction and dimensioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 2.3.5. Node and bar description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 2.3.6. Section layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 2.3.7. Grouping of equal bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 2.3.8. Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 2.3.9. Fixity coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 2.3.10. Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 2.3.10.1. Add loadcase and define use category . . . . . . . . . . .27 2.3.10.2. Panel loads: slabs and surface loads . . . . . . . . . . . .27 2.3.10.3. Wind loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pagina 6 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza . . . . . . . .29

2.3.11. Buckling ....

. . . . . . . .29 2.3.11. Buckling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 2.3.12. Lateral buckling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 2.3.13. Analysis and design of the structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 2.3.13.1. Bracing design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 2.3.13.2. Joint design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 CYPE 3 4 Metal 3D CYPE Metal 3D - Practical example Presentation Metal 3D is a powerful and efficient program brought about to carry out structural calculations in 3 dimensions of steel, aluminium and timber bars. The program obtains the forces and displacements based on an automatic design. It possesses a laminated, welded and cold formed steel section database. It analyses any type of structure carrying out all the verifications and checks the selected code requires. Thanks to the generation of structural views, the user can work

Pagina 7 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza with windows in 2D and 3D in a...

with windows in 2D and 3D in a completely interactive manner. The structure can equally be redesigned and hence obtain its maximum optimisation. The element dimensions are created without the need of having to introduce coordinate systems or rigid meshes. CYPE 5 6 Metal 3D CYPE Metal 3D - Practical example 2. Practical example 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Portal frame generator For this example, a 40m long by 20m wide warehouse will be designed. It will consist of 9 frames at 5m intervals. Their ridge heights will be at 10m and lateral heights at 8m. Within the warehouse, a small slab will be built at a height of 4m corresponding to the location of the office. The warehouse will have two openings measuring 6x5m on its right side and one of the same dimensions on its left side. The Portal frame generator will be used to design the purlins of the roof and to generate the appropriate loads. Open the Portal frame generator and create a new job. Give the job a name (e.g. wh_1) and in

Pagina 7-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza with windows in 2D and 3D in a completely...

Pagina 8 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza troduce a description
(e.g. warehouse ...

troduce a description (e.g. warehouse example ). The first step to carry out is to establish the loadcases corresponding to the loads acting on the structure. • Dead loads: - - Self weight of the purlins Roofing material (80mm sandwich panel and 0.24kN/m2) Self weight of the joist floor slab (25+5): 3.7kN/m2 Screed: 1.2 kN/m2 Fig. 2.1 Having accepted, a new window appears. Fill in the data as shown below: • Live loads: In accordance with table 6.2 of the code: UNE-ENV 1991-2-1, the live load corresponding to a B use category (administrative zones) is of 2 kN/m2 • Wind action: In accordance with EC1 • Snow loading: In accordance with EC1 Fig. 2.2 CYPE 7 8 Metal 3D For the wind load, select Eurocode 1, reference speed 26m/s, terrain category Single and IV, flat land in the X and Y directions and a service period of 50 years. Fig. 2.5 Fig. 2.3 For the snow loads, select Eurocode 1, United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Zone 2, Normal landscape and a topographic

Pagina 8-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza troduce a description
(e.g. warehouse example ).
...

Pagina 9 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza height of 0m.

Fig. 2.6

Fig. 2.4
...

height of 0m. Fig. 2.6 Fig. 2.4 CYPE Metal 3D - Practical example For the load combinations, select use category B: Office use. (In the image, it can be seen that this is in accordance with that stated in the Eurocode. It may occur that if the user has not used the required code in a previous job, that the option to select it may not appear. If this is the case, select any option, then once the frame has been completely defined, the appropriate code can be selected in Configuration > Job. Having selected the code, click on Job data > General job data and modify the information). For this example, the lateral covering will consist of lightweight concrete panels, therefore it must be specified that there is lateral cover otherwise the wind loads acting on the sides of the frame will not be generated. To do so, click outside the frame, at the side at which the wall is to be introduced. Click on Lateral wall and indicate it is to have a height of 8m. Activate the Braces the column a

Pagina 9-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza height of 0m.

Fig. 2.6

Fig. 2.4

CYPE

Metal...

Pagina 10 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza gainst buckling box
but do not...

gainst buckling box but do not activate the Self-balancing box, by doing so, the wind pressure loads that are generated are transmitted to the columns of the warehouse. Now that the general data has been introduced, the geometry of the frame can be defined so that it may be designed later on. The program will prompt the user whether a new frame is to be introduced. Answer yes and in the new dialogue box select two slopes. A new window will open where the type of roof can be selected. Leave the default option: Rigid frame. Fig. 2.8 Fig. 2.7 Having accepted the dialogue box, the previously described frame will appear on the main screen. If any modifications are to be undertaken, click in the middle of the frame and a window will open containing various edit options. Fig. 2.9 CYPE 9 10 Metal 3D Repeat the process with the wall on the other side. The walls are displayed on screen. Fig. 2.12 Once the section type has been selected, there are a further three options for its opti

Pagina 10-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza gainst buckling box
but do not activate the...

Pagina 11 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza misation.

Fig. 2.10

Now the roof...

misation. Fig. 2.10 Now the roof purlins are to be defined. To do so, select Job data > Lateral and roof purlin edition > Purlins on roof. Here the deflection limit is to be specified as well as the number of spans the purlin is to cover and how it is attached. For the section type, press the button containing the section name, and select Rolled from the scroll menu and the IPE section series. Click on Accept. Fig. 2.11 Fig. 2.13 CYPE Metal 3D - Practical example The first option optimises the section for the selected separation. In this case the program will run through the sections of the series verifying them for the selected separation. Now the purlins have been selected, the data can be exported to Metal 3D. To do so, click on Job data > Export to Metal 3D. Select the options shown below. The number of frames and type of support conditions to generate must be indicated and if the buckling coefficients to be generated are those for sway or non-sway framed (as ties will be

Pagina 11-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza misation.

Fig. 2.10

Now the roof purlins are to...

Pagina 12 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza introduced later on in Metal 3D,...

introduced later on in Metal 3D, select the buckling coefficients to be generated for non-sway frames). The second type optimises the separation between the purlins for the selected section. Finally, the option is available to design both the separation and section, where the minimum and maximum separation to check is to be indicated as well as the separation increment for each iteration. Having concluded, the results will be displayed as a list where the section is shown as well as its weight and separation. Those that fail have a forbidden sign next to them. To select a section from the list, double click on its row. It will be highlighted in blue and upon accepting the dialogue box, it shall be incorporated in the job. When choosing the layout, it must be checked that the selected separation is valid for the type of sandwich panel with which the project is going to be executed; in this example, change the separation value to 1.40m and steel type to S275, and click on the first de

Pagina 12-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza introduced later on in Metal 3D, select the...

Pagina 13 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza sign option. From the
results, select...

sign option. From the results, select an IPE 120. Fig. 2.15 In case the selected code has different load areas for the roof when considering wind loads, the planes of the frames are not to be grouped as the loads are not symmetrical and errors could arise if frames with different loads are grouped. 2.2.1. Loads generated by the program The program generates the loadcases corresponding to permanent loads, wind and snow loads. Fig. 2.14 CYPE 11 12 Metal 3D 2.2.1.1. Wind loadcase The warehouse is exposed to wind acting in all four directions: 0º, 90º, 180º and 270º. Fig. 2.16 This implies that there will be at least four wind loadcases. The roof in this example has a pitch of +11.31º. In accordance with table 7.4a of Eurocode 1, Part 1-4, two loads are generated for this pitch, which implies the loadcases for wind at 0º and 180º are duplicated due to these situations. Fig. 2.18 A manual calculation of the pressures generated by the program can be carried out: Using t

Pagina 13-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza sign option. From the
results, select an IPE 120....

Pagina 14 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza able 4.1, the following values can be...

able 4.1, the following values can be obtained for terrain category IV: Fig. 2.19 Fig. 2.17 CYPE Metal 3D - Practical example z0 = 1.0m zmin = 10m The following values can be calculated: Fig. 2.20 External pressure calculation – For wind acting at 0º: For z = 8m The external pressure is given by: For z = 10m Internal pressure calculation – For wind acting at 0º: In this case the value of z shall be taken as the height of the highest opening, therefore z = 6m. Using table 7.1 for a value of h/d = 10/20 = 0.5, the values for the external pressure coefficients are obtained: CYPE 13 14 Metal 3D The internal pressure coefficient is obtained from figure 7.13 of the Eurocode for a value of h/d = 0.5. As the wind is blowing in the direction corresponding to 0º, the opening ratio, µ = 0.35. From the graph, Cpi = 0.32. The internal pressure can now be calculated: Fig. 2.22 The values in table 7.4a can be interpolated to obtain the external pressure coefficients in each

Pagina 14-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza able 4.1, the following values can be obtained...

Pagina 15 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza zone of the roof for
both situations....

zone of the roof for both situations. The external pressure load (we) and internal pressure load (wi) acting for each zone and situation are automatically generated in Metal 3D. These can be visualised in the Load menu. Fig. 2.21 CYPE Metal 3D - Practical example CYPE 15 16 Metal 3D CYPE Metal 3D - Practical example To obtain the wind pressures at 90º and 270º, the values in table 7.4b can be interpolated. 2.3. Metal 3D 2.3.1. Node and bar introduction Upon accepting the dialogue box, the program will ask for a name to be entered for the structure. Once this dialogue box has been accepted, the generated structure will appear with its loads in Metal 3D. Fig. 2.23 CYPE 17 18 Metal 3D 2.3.2. Hide/ Show planes The reference lines generated by the program may be eliminated so to make working with the program easier. First of all, go to Planes > Show/ hide planes and upon accepting the dialogue box, select all the nodes whose reference lines are to be hidden. If la

Pagina 15-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza zone of the roof for
both situations.

The...

Pagina 16 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza ter on,
these are to be reactivated, ...

ter on, these are to be reactivated, it can be done using the same method but using the Show option. Fig. 2.24 The second step is to deactivate the option Show/hide new drawings. This way, when new nodes are introduced in the job, their associated planes will not be displayed. Fig. 2.26 Warning: if the window is closed, the view will be lost and will therefore have to be redefined. Use the maximise and minimise buttons of the window to change between views. 2.3.3. Creation of new views To create windows with new views of the structure, go to option Window > Open new > 2D view in a plane orthogonal to the X, Y or Z axis. Mark two planes defining the 2D plane. A dialogue box will appear asking for a name for the new window (e.g. Gable wall). 2.3.4. Bar introduction and dimensioning The bars supporting the internal slab of the warehouse will now be introduced, as will the columns of the gable wall: • Return to the 3D view window by clicking on the complete view button on the to

Pagina 16-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza ter on,
these are to be reactivated, it can be...

Pagina 17 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza p of the 3D window. Activate
the...

p of the 3D window. Activate the planes where the supporting nodes are located; in this case the bottom left hand support and the ridge node of the gable wall. Fig. 2.25 The new view will automatically appear on screen. By clicking on Window > Tile horizontal, the 3D view and 2D view can be seen at the same time and if the cursor is moved in the 2D window, the plane in question is shown in the 3D window. CYPE Metal 3D - Practical example • Introduce the first point between the left support and ridge reference lines; the second by snapping to the intersection of the ridge and support reference lines and the third between the ridge and right support reference lines. Fig. 2.27 • Using the option Node > New, introduce the three nodes by snapping to the reference line of the bottom left hand node. Please recall that to carry out this operation, the Nearest and Intersection object snaps must be activated in the top part of the menu . Fig. 2.29 • To place these nodes at their

Pagina 17-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza p of the 3D window. Activate
the planes where the...

Pagina 18 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza exact positions, click on
Planes >...

exact positions, click on Planes > Dimensions > Add. Introduce the value of the separation, in this case 5m and click on the support reference line and the first new node reference line. Then, click again on the new node reference line and the next. Continue doing so until the dimensions have been introduced. Fig. 2.28 Fig. 2.30 CYPE Fig. 2.31 19 20 Metal 3D Fig. 2.32 Fig. 2.34 Another way of introducing the nodes is by selecting the configuration icon from the top toolbar and from the emerging window click on the Dimension tab. There, mark the Draw dimensions box and Accept. This way the program will always ask for the dimension to be introduced when a new bar or node within a bar is defined. Fig. 2.35 Fig. 2.33 CYPE Metal 3D - Practical example • Having positioned the nodes, the new bars representing the end columns can be introduced. Use the 2D view defined earlier (located in the Window menu) to introduce these elements. Click on Bar > New and bring the cursor clo

Pagina 18-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza exact positions, click on
Planes > Dimensions >...

Pagina 19 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza se to the node until it
changes to a ...

se to the node until it changes to a cyan colour. Click on it with the left mouse button and bring the cursor close to the intersection of the bar with the lintel until the object snap symbol appears. Click with the left mouse button to confirm the point. Click on the right mouse button to complete the introduction of the first bar and to be able to select the second origin node, otherwise bars will continue to be introduced from the last marked node. Fig. 2.37 • Now to introduce the beam on which the slab will be supported. To do so return to the 2D gable wall view. Click on Bar > New and place the cursor on the left column of the frame, click with the left mouse button and introduce a distance of 4m. Fig. 2.36 • Repeat the process with the remaining bars of the gable wall and then repeat for the opposite gable wall. Fig. 2.38 CYPE 21 22 Metal 3D When introducing bars, it is important to only introduce those that are really going to be used on site. In other words, if the

Pagina 19-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza se to the node until it
changes to a cyan colour....

Pagina 20 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza slab beam is going to be a single...

slab beam is going to be a single 20m element supported by the intermediate columns, the bar is to be introduced from one end column to the other end column. This way, the program interprets that the whole bar is a single element and so when the bar is described, the fixity coefficients will be applied to the element. If, on the contrary, 4 x 5m bars are going to be used on site, 4 bars should be introduced from column to column. If a bar has been introduced by accident, and the real intention was to introduce independent bars, the error may be amended using the option Bar > Create elements. Click on the initial and final nodes of one of the bars making up the element introduced by accident and validate the new bar by clicking on the right mouse button. The program will automatically break the original bar into 4 independent bars. create another beam spanning from the left column to the right column. Introduce 3 columns reaching the beam. • In the 2D gable wall view, introduce a b

Pagina 20-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza slab beam is going to be a single 20m element...

Pagina 21 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza ar from the left
column to the right ...

ar from the left column to the right column at a height of 4m. Fig. 2.40 • Return to the 3D view and introduce the transverse bars spanning from the second frame to the gable wall frame. Fig. 2.39 • Create a new 2D view corresponding to the second frame of the warehouse (e.g. Slab frame). In this new view, Fig. 2.41 CYPE Metal 3D - Practical example • Carry out the same process to tie the roof of the two gable walls to their closest frame. • Finally, introduce the beams making up the openings in the lateral frames, at a distance of 6m from the ground and the beam tying the top of all the columns. Fig. 2.42 • Now to define the bracing. First of all introduce the bars tying the end frames. To do so, activate the option Bar > Generate nodes at intersection points (as what is intended is for bars to be created independent of each other). Introduce them as shown in the image below. Fig. 2.44 2.3.5. Node and bar description Once the bars and nodes have been introduced

Pagina 21-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza ar from the left
column to the right column at a ...

Pagina 22 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza , the supports (external fixities) of...

, the supports (external fixities) of the new columns can be described. The other supports have already been described when the frame was defined in the Portal frame generator. To do so, go to option Node > External fixity. Select those nodes who have yet to be described individually (or use a capture window). Having selected the nodes, click on the right mouse button and the External fixity dialogue box will open where the type of support can be defined. Select the Fixity option and leave all options as fixed. Fig. 2.43 CYPE 23 24 Metal 3D Fig. 2.45 The next step consists in describe the type of section to be assigned to the bars, as well as their material. To do so use the option Bar > Describe section. First select the columns of the frames and having done so, click on the right mouse button to indicate the type of section. Fig. 2.47 The lintels of the central frames and the slab beams can now be described in the same way. These are also to be assigned an IPE-300 section. T

Pagina 22-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza , the supports (external fixities) of the new...

Pagina 23 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza he slab beams are to
consist of...

he slab beams are to consist of IPE-200 sections and all the transverse beams an IPE-160 section. The slab columns will be IPE-220s and the gable wall columns IPE-240s. Finally, for the bracing, select the Tie option from the bar option in the describe bar dialogue box. This option is valid as long as the selected bars comply with the following conditions: • The bars described as ties form part of a bracing cross, braced at its four sides or at three, if the bracing reaches the external supports. • The program will only consider these bars to be working in tension, therefore neither buckling nor fixity coefficients can be applied to them. Fig. 2.46 • No loads can be introduced on them. Select the rolled steel section option from the images at the top of the dialogue box and from the scroll menu select an IPE-300 section. CYPE Metal 3D - Practical example 2.3.6. Section layout In this example, the tie bars will be described as φ16 bars. The program displays these bars in

Pagina 23-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza he slab beams are to
consist of IPE-200 sections ...

Pagina 24 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza blue to differentiate
between these...

blue to differentiate between these and the remaining bars. The next step consists in describing the layout of the bars, i.e. the angle and level they will have on site. Start with the intermediate columns of the gable wall. Activate the option Bar > Describe disposition, select the columns of the gable wall and right click. In the emerging window, select the 90º rotation button. Fig. 2.48 Fig. 2.50 2.3.7. Grouping of equal bars The wind loads, due to the openings of the warehouse not being symmetrical, result in non-symmetrical pressures and therefore the design of the bars after the analysis cannot be symmetrical. To avoid this, the bars may be grouped. Click on Bar > Group, select the IPE-300 columns of the frames (not those belonging to the gable wall), then right click with the mouse to validate the group. Fig. 2.49 CYPE 25 26 Metal 3D Fig. 2.52 2.3.9. Fixity coefficients Fig. 2.51 The next steps consists in pinning the ends of the bracing bars between frames. Thi

Pagina 24-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza blue to differentiate
between these and the...

Pagina 25 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza s is done using the option Bar >...

s is done using the option Bar > Fixity at ends. Select the bars in question and right click with the mouse button. In the emerging dialogue box, introduced a fixity coefficient of 0 in both planes for both the origin and end of the bars. This way, the columns are grouped and when a modification is carried out on a column of the group, all the columns are modified at once. Repeat the same process with IPE-300s for the beams of the frames. Group the IPE-240 columns of the gable wall, the IPE-200 beams, the IPE-220 columns of the office slab and the IPE-160 bracing beams between frames. 2.3.8. Materials Once the bars have been described, the material they are made of can be indicated using the option Bar > Describe material. Open a capture window to select all the bars of the structure, right click with the mouse button and assign material S-275. Fig. 2.53 CYPE Metal 3D - Practical example The Portal frame generator has generated 1 dead load loadcase, 6 wind loadcases and 3 snow

Pagina 25-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza s is done using the option Bar >
Fixity at ends. ...

Pagina 26 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza loadcases. As this
example includes a...

loadcases. As this example includes a slab for office use, a new live load loadcase must be created with its corresponding use category. The slab beams connecting to the column webs are also to be pinned. The beams at the ends of the gable wall containing the slab are to be fixed to the external columns and pinned to the internal columns, i.e. they are to be assigned a fixity coefficient of 0 at their origin and 1 at their end depending on the direction of the bar. The way to differentiate which end is which is by observing the axes of the section that are drawn at each bar; the direction of the x-axis (red) points to the end of the bar. To do so, click on the option and in the emerging window click on Additional loadcase. In the new dialogue box, click on the edit button corresponding to the use category and select Offices and accept, then click on the live load edit button and add the new loadcase. Fig. 2.54 Fig. 2.55 2.3.10. Loads 2.3.10.2. Panel loads: slabs and surface loads

Pagina 26-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza loadcases. As this
example includes a slab for...

Pagina 27 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza

Having described the geometry, the ...

Having described the geometry, the loadcases which are yet to be added to those provided by the Portal frame generator can be completed and the use category of the live loads defined. Having created the loadcase, the slabs can now be introduced using the option Load > Introduce panel. Once selected the possible places where slabs can be inserted will be displayed on screen. To introduce a slab, select the points forming the polygon of the slab. Having done so, click on the right mouse button and select the direction the applied loads are to span. For this example, select the direction parallel to the length of the warehouse. 2.3.10.1. Add loadcase and define use category To add or modify loadcases, and define the use categories for the structure, use the option located in Job > Loads. CYPE 27 28 Metal 3D Upon selecting the direction of the applied loads, by clicking on the right mouse button, a new window will appear where the loads associated to the panel can be introduced.

Pagina 27-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza

Having described the geometry, the loadcases...

Pagina 28 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza Add the following loads associating ...

Add the following loads associating each one with its corresponding loadcase. First, add a load associated to the dead loadcase corresponding to the dead load of the slab whose value is 3.7 kN/m2; another load of 1.2 kN/m2 corresponding to the screed and finally a live load of 2 kN/m2. Fig. 2.56 Fig. 2.58 Accept the Loads on panel window and the load distribution will appear on screen. To consult a load distribution, click on Load > Viewed loadcase, select the loadcase in question from the scroll menu and its distribution will be shown on screen. Fig. 2.57 CYPE Metal 3D - Practical example Fig. 2.59 Fig 2.60 2.3.11. Buckling 2.3.10.3. Wind loads The bars imported from the Portal frame generator already have the appropriate buckling coefficients applied to them, however those that have been introduced later on have to have their coefficients modified. The surface loads that have been generated by the program can also be consulted. To do so click on Load > Viewed loadcase. F

Pagina 28-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza Add the following loads associating each one...

Pagina 29 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza or this example, activate the...

or this example, activate the loadcase corresponding to 0º, external pressure type 1 (W(0º) H1 from the scroll menu) and the loads generated on the bars will automatically become visible. If, additionally, the surface loads produced by the Portal frame generator are to be consulted, click on Load > Edit surface load. The program generates the surface loads corresponding to the external pressure for each panel introduced as well as those corresponding to the internal pressure as separate loads. To assign the buckling coefficients, select the option Bar > Buckling and mark the IPE-160 beams bracing the frames. Bearing in mind the structure has IPE-100 purlins with a separation of 1400 mm and are rigidly fixed to the cover panel and additionally, the warehouse is to have 150 mm concrete plates around its external wall, it can be assumed that these bars will not buckle; the whole structure would have to be completely loaded for this phenomenon to occur. Therefore, a buckling coefficient

Pagina 29-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza or this example, activate the loadcase...

Pagina 30 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza , β with a value of zero
in the XY...

, β with a value of zero in the XY plane and a value of 1 in the other plane will be assigned to these beams. CYPE 29 30 Metal 3D late this in the program, use the option Bar >Lateral buckling and select the IPE-300 beams making up the roof of the warehouse. Once selected, right click with the mouse button to edit the lateral buckling values. In the bottom flange of these beams, place braces every 4 purlins with a free buckling length of Lb=4.2m. Fig. 2.61 As for the IPE-200 beams joining the two frames supporting the office slab, the same rules can be applied to them as in the previous case, due to the presence of the slab preventing the steel sections in their XY plane from buckling. Fig. 2.62 For the IPE-220 columns supporting the internal frame of the slab, a buckling coefficient of β = 0.7 is to be used and hence fixing its base and pinning the top of the column in both planes. For the IPE-300 columns of the central frames use braced lateral buckling. 2.3.13. Analysi

Pagina 30-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza , β with a value of zero
in the XY plane and a...

Pagina 31 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza s and design of the structure
...

s and design of the structure Finally, the IPE-240 columns of the gable wall will not be able to buckle in the XY plane due to the presence of the wall in which they are contained. Once all the previous steps have been carried out, the structure can be analysed and then designed. To analyse the structure click on Analysis > Analyse. A window will appear offer the various analysis options: Do not dimension sections, Quick section design or Optimum section design. In this case select the first option: Do not dimension sections. As for the Joints design, for this example welded connections shall be used, however, please recall that when seismic loading is present, it is highly recommended that bolted connections be used. 2.3.12. Lateral buckling Lateral buckling can occur in the lintels of the central frames of the warehouse due to wind suction on the roof. If so, this would affect the bottom flange of the sections. This situation is avoided by placing braces in the project bracing th

Pagina 31-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza s and design of the structure

Finally, the...

Pagina 32 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza e bottom flange against this...

e bottom flange against this phenomenon. To simuCYPE Metal 3D - Practical example Fig. 2.64 Fig. 2.63 2. The axial stiffness of the ties (AE/L) is less than 10% of the axial stiffness of the elements framing the bracing elements. 2.3.13.1. Bracing design The fact the tie bars are composed of a straight axis and only admit tensile forces in the direction of the axis, implies that this model would only be strictly exact if a non-linear analysis were to be carried out, in which, all the bars resulting in compression would be deleted after each analysis. 3. The diagonal ties of a frame must both be of the same section. Method application The analysis method is linear and elastic using matrix formulae. Each tie is introduced in the stiffness matrix with only its axial stiffness term (AE/L), whereby this is equal to half the real axial stiffness of the tie. This way, displacements are achieved in the stiffness plane, similar to those obtained if the tie in compression were deleted f

Pagina 32-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza e bottom flange against this phenomenon. To...

Pagina 33 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza rom the
matrix analysis and...

rom the matrix analysis and considering the real cross sectional area of the tie in tension. Additionally, to undertake a dynamic analysis without taking into account the bars in compression, an analysis in the time domain with accelerograms would be required. As an approximation to the exact method, we propose an alternative method whose results, with the requirement that all the conditions detailed below are met, are sufficiently acceptable for every day design of structures with bracing elements. The final forces in each tie are obtained for each loadcase and the following steps are taken for those ties in which the axial force is in compression: The method has the following limitations, which the program ensures are met: A. The axial force of the tie in compression is cancelled 1. The tie element forms part of a rigid bracing system framed at its four sides, or three of its sides if the bracing reaches external fixities. Additionally, each rigid frame must form a rectangle (f

Pagina 33-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza rom the
matrix analysis and considering the real ...

Pagina 34 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza our internal angles must be
right...

our internal angles must be right angles). B. This axial force is added to the axial force of the other diagonal tie of the same stiffening frame. C. With this new axial force configuration, the equilibrium of the nodes is restored. CYPE 31 32 Metal 3D Given that the method deals with force compatibility and not displacements, it is important to bear in mind the axial stiffness restrictions of the sections making up the stiffening frame indicating in part 2 of the previous section; the method is more exact the smaller the relative length differences are of the bars framing the ties. In all the cases analysed by CYPE, the discrepancies between the results obtained using this method and those obtained using linear analysis have been negligible. Fig. 2.66 B. Distribution (by force resolution) of the increment of axial force in the tie in tension (C*) The following figures display a scheme of the previously described process. The increment in axial force (C*) in the tie is resol

Pagina 34-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza our internal angles must be
right angles).

B....

Pagina 35 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza ved
into the direction of the bars...

ved into the direction of the bars (or fixity reactions) reaching the nodes. Forces resulting from each of the combinations: N1, N2, N3, R1h, R2h, R3h, R2v: forces and reactions of the elements forming the rigid frame without considering the increase in tension of the tie in tension. Fig. 2.65 T: axial force corresponding to the tie in tension C: axial force corresponding to the tie in compression Fig. 2.67 C. Equilibrium restoration in the end nodes of the ties. Force equilibrium. A. Cancelling out of the force of the tie in compression. Assigning the compression value to the tie in tension. The vector sum of the components of the increment in tension (with the same absolute value as the compression of the tie in compression) is carried out. The axial force of the tie in compression (C=0) is eliminated and is added to the tie in tension (T* = T + |C| ). The final force and reaction distribution is displayed in the following diagram: CYPE Metal 3D - Practical example •

Pagina 35-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza ved
into the direction of the bars (or fixity...

Pagina 36 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza Joints IV. Bolted. Building frames...

Joints IV. Bolted. Building frames with rolled and welded steel I sections • Joints V. Flat trusses with hollow structural steel sections New modules will be coming soon; check our website for new implementations. Fig. 2.68 These values can be consulted in each bar or node for each loadcase or combination loadcase. Each loadcase is treated as a unit combination. Joint design If nodes whose type of joint is resolved in the program are detected during the design process of the structure, the program will design the connections and will provide a detail drawing of the results. 2.3.13.2. Joint design The program incorporates the analysis and design of connections for rolled and welded steel I sections for various design codes (please consult our website for the available design codes. If the design code with which the job is being designed is not yet available with the Joints module, the user can opt to copy the job and design them using a different code). • For I sections (Jo

Pagina 36-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza Joints IV. Bolted. Building frames with rolled...

Pagina 37 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza ints I, II, III and IV modules), the ...

ints I, II, III and IV modules), the program provides two types of design: Welded, e.g.: Types of joint design The program offers several options for connection design: the Joints modules. Fig. 2.69 The following Joints modules are currently available with the program: • Joints I. Welded. Warehouses with rolled and welded steel I sections • Joints II. Bolted. Warehouses with rolled and welded steel I sections • Joints III. Welded. Building frames with rolled and welded steel I sections Fig. 2.70 CYPE 33 34 Metal 3D For a more complete list of available welded connections, please consult the corresponding website at www.cypecad.en.cype.com/joints_welded.htm www.cypecad.en.cype.com/joints_welded_building.htm Bolted (using ordinary or prestressed bolts), e.g.: Fig. 2.71 Fig. 2.72 Fig. 2.75 Fig. 2.73 Fig. 2.76 Fig. 2.77 Fig. 2.74 CYPE Metal 3D - Practical example of bolted connections, the optimum layout of prestressed or ordinary bolts is provided. • For fla

Pagina 37-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza ints I, II, III and IV modules), the program...

Pagina 38 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza t trusses with hollow structural...

t trusses with hollow structural sections: The hollow structural sections must consist of welded sections with the additional condition that the bar acting as the truss chord must be a continuous bar, in the case of an intermediate node. The hollow structural sections are designed so to meet all the requirements indicated in the selected code. The program represents the edge preparation of the tube ends to be able to weld the sections correctly. Fig. 2.78 e.g.: Fig. 2.79 Fig. 2.81 Fig. 2.80 For a more complete list of available bolted connections please consult the corresponding website at Fig. 2.82 www.cypecad.en.cype.com/joints_bolted.htm www.cypecad.en.cype.com/joints_bolted_building.htm The program will design the required weld thicknesses and incorporates stiffeners if they are required for the correct transmission of forces. Additionally, in the case Fig. 2.83 CYPE 35 36 Metal 3D Consulting the designed joints The joints can be designed at the same time as the ge

Pagina 38-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza t trusses with hollow structural sections:

The...

Pagina 39 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza neral
analysis (by marking the Design...

neral analysis (by marking the Design joints box in the Analysis dialogue box) or once the analysis has concluded using the option Joints > Analyse. To then consult the designed joints, click on Joints > Consult. Upon activating this option, all the joints which have been designed by the program will be marked with a green circle. Those that have not been resolved will be marked with a red circle. Joints which are partially resolved i.e. containing connections that have been designed and others that have not will be marked in an orange circle. Fig. 2.84 Fig. 2.85 Fig. 2.86 Fig. 2.87 For a more complete list of available hollow structural section connections please consult the corresponding website at If the mouse cursor is brought close to a node in which there is a designed joint, the joint will be highlighted in blue and an information window will appear indicating the type of connections associated to that node that are present. By then clicking on the joint, the detail drawi

Pagina 39-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza neral
analysis (by marking the Design joints box ...

Pagina 40 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza ngs of the connections associated to ...

ngs of the connections associated to that node are displayed. www.cypecad.en.cype.com/ joints_flat_trusses_hollow_structural_sections.htm CYPE Metal 3D - Practical example Reasons why a joint has not been designed If the program does not design a joint, which initially appears to correspond to one implemented in the program, it may be due to one of the circumstances explained below: a. Section fixed to the web of another section If a section is to be fixed to the web of another section, the connection cannot be solved. Bar ends connecting to the web of a section must always be a pinned connection. b. Interference between sections and stiffeners If the section joining to the web of another section intersects with the stiffeners placed by the program to guarantee the bars reaching in the orthogonal plane are fixed. Fig. 2.88 c. Thickness of the elements If the necessary throat thickness of the weld is greater than 0.7 times the thickness of the joining element. d. Orthogonal

Pagina 40-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza ngs of the connections associated to that node...

Pagina 41 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza elements

If the webs of the bars...

elements If the webs of the bars are not contained in the same plane or are not perpendicular to one another, the program will not resolve the joint. e. Angle If the previous point is complied with, the angle between the surfaces of the bars to be welded must be greater or equal to 60º, otherwise the joint is not designed. Fig. 2.89 If the cursor is brought close to a node in which there are connections that have not been designed but belong to one of the types recognised by the program, an information window is displayed providing the reasons why the joint has not been designed. Fig. 2.90 CYPE 37 38 Metal 3D 2.3.13.3. Bar check 2.3.13.4. Force consultation Once the analysis procedure has concluded, click on Analysis > Check bars to validate the initial design, or if, on the contrary, bars have to be modified and the structure must be re-analysed. Activate the option Analysis > Envelope > Stress/Used and mark the Selected bars only button. Click on the beam that was pre

Pagina 41-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza elements

If the webs of the bars are not...

Pagina 42 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza viously selected using the Check bars...

viously selected using the Check bars option and the force diagram of the tensile state of the bar will be drawn in the XZ plane. The part of the bar verifying the tensile force of the bar is displayed in green and that not verifying the tensile force of the bar is displayed in red. Upon selecting this option, any bars not verifying all the checks will be displayed in red. By moving the cursor over one of the IPE-300 sections making up one of the central frames, a box appears informing the user of the error. If this bar is then clicked on a new window emerges indicating which sections of the series verify all the checks and highlighted in blue is the section currently in use in the job. To modify the section, simply double click on the row containing the replacement section and accept (this row will then be highlighted in blue). In this case, do not modify the initial section, as the failure percentage is not too great and it is best to check the tensile state of the bar to be able to

Pagina 42-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza viously selected using the Check bars
option and ...

Pagina 43 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza
choose between changing to a greater...

choose between changing to a greater section or providing a haunch at its connection with the column. Fig. 2.92 It can be seen that the area in which the beam fixes onto the column fails. The amount by which it fails can also be seen by activating the Display maximum and minimum values option in the Envelope dialogue box. How to solve this problem depends on the practical solutions each user is used to apply. In this example, modify the bars to IPE-360s and reanalyse. Having done so repeat the process with the remaining bars of the structure. Fig. 2.91 CYPE Metal 3D - Practical example 2.3.14. Baseplates concluded, click with the right mouse button to validate; those not verifying all the checks will be displayed in red. Now that the sections of the warehouse have been designed, the baseplates can be introduced and then designed. Click on Baseplates > Generate and, once the baseplates have appeared in the job, click on Design in the same menu. If any are displayed in red, ed

Pagina 43-Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza
choose between changing to a greater section or ...

Pagina 44 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPE 3D Fisa tehnica Engleza it the baseplate in question
and in...

it the baseplate in question and in the window that appears, click on Design. Once designed, match this new baseplate to those in its corresponding group and right click to ensure none are displayed in red. Fig. 2.93 Fig. 2.94 Having designed the baseplates, click on Baseplates > Edit where the designed baseplates can be consulted and modified. 2.3.15. Foundations Using the Match option, the baseplates of the columns can be grouped: those belonging to the main frames as one group, those belonging to the columns of the gable wall as another group and those supporting the slab in a third group. To use this option click on the baseplate which is to be the Master baseplate. Once selected, all the baseplates which are the same will be displayed in brown and those different to it will be displayed in yellow. Click on the yellow baseplates to match them and, once the matching has 2.3.15.1. Footing introduction Upon reaching this point, click on the Foundations tab at the bottom left han