Documentatie atasata la

Programe software pentru arhitectura, instalatii, structuri beton, metal CYPE

Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD

Limba: Engleza

171 afisari

Tip documentatie: Fisa tehnica

Pagina 1 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza 2

IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THE...

2 IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT CAREFULLY. The information contained in this document is property of CYPE Ingenieros, S.A. and cannot be reproduced nor transferred partially or completely in any way or by any means, be it electrically or mechanically, under any circumstances, without previous written authorisation of CYPE Ingenieros, S.A. Copyright infringement may be constituted as a crime (article 270 and onwards of the Penal code). This document and the information it contains form an integral part of the documentation accompanying the User License of CYPE Ingenieros S.A. programs and cannot be separated. Therefore it is protected by the same laws and rights. Do not forget to read, understand and accept the User License Contract of the software of which this documentation forms part of before using any component of the product. If the terms and conditions of the User License Contract are NOT accepted, immediately return the software and all the elements accompanying

Pagina 1-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza 2

IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT...

Pagina 2 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza the product to where it was first...

the product to where it was first acquired for a complete refund. This manual corresponds to the software version indicated by CYPE Ingenieros, S.A. as CYPECAD. The information contained in this document substantially describes the properties and methods of use of the program o programs accompanying it. The information contained in this document could have been modified after its mechanical edition without issuing a warning. The software accompanying this document can be submitted to modifications without issuing a previous warning. CYPE Ingenieros, S.A. has other services available, one of these being the Updates, which allows the user to acquire the latest versions of the software and accompanying documentation. If there are any doubts with respect to this text or with the software User License or for any queries, please contact CYPE Ingenieros, S.A. by consulting the corresponding Authorised Local Distributor or the After-sales department at: Avda. Eusebio Sempere, 5 – 03003 Ali

Pagina 2-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza the product to where it was first acquired for a ...

Pagina 3 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza cante (Spain) • Tel : +34 965 92 25 ...

cante (Spain) • Tel : +34 965 92 25 50 • Fax: +34 965 12 49 50 • www.cype.com CYPE Ingenieros, S.A. Edited and printed in Alicante (Spain) Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 15.2.5. Reinforcement modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 15.2.5.1. Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 15. Practical examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 15.2.5.2. Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 15.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 15.2.5.3. Joist floor slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 15.2. Example 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 15.2.5.4. Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pagina 3-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza cante (Spain) • Tel : +34 965 92 25 50 • Fax:...

Pagina 4 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
...

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 15.2.6. Application of finishing touches to texts before obtaining drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 15.2.1. Data organising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 15.2.1.1. Column layout drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 15.2.7. Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 15.2.1.2. Building elevation section drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 15.2.1.3. Floor table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 15.3. Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 15.2.1.5. DXF or DWG template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 15.3.1.1. Floor heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 15.2.1.4. Floor plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 15.3.1. Initial data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pagina 4-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

15.2.6....

Pagina 5 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 15.2.2. Data introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 15.3.1.2. Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 15.2.2.1. Job creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 15.3.2. Job creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 15.2.2.3. Floor / Floor group definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 15.3.2.2. Automatic introduction IFC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 15.2.2.2. General data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 15.3.2.1. Automatic introduction DXF/DWG . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 15.2.2.4. Import DXF or DWG templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 15.3.3. Column introduction (Column Definition tab) . . . . . . . . .58 15.2.2.6. Introduction of group 1: 1st floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 15.3.3.2. Creation of project floors and groups . . .

Pagina 5-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

15.2....

Pagina 6 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza . . . . . . . . .60

15.2.2.5. Column...

. . . . . . . . .60 15.2.2.5. Column introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 15.3.3.1. Job general data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 15.2.2.7. Introduction of group 2: 2nd and 3rd floors . . . . . . . .25 15.3.3.3. Column introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 15.2.2.8. Introduction of group 3: Roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 15.2.2.9. Introduction of group 4: Lift machinery roof . . . . . . .28 15.3.4. Introduction of beams, walls and floor slabs (Beam Definition tab) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 15.2.3. Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 15.3.4.2. Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 15.2.2.10. Introduction of group 0: Foundations . . . . . . . . . . .28 15.3.4.1. Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 15.2.4. Results revisi

Pagina 7 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 15.3.4.3. Floor slab introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 15.3.4.4. Finishing touches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 15.2.4.1. Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 15.3.4.5. Load introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 15.2.4.2. Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 15.3.4.6. Stairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 15.2.4.3. Joist floor slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 15.3.4.7. Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 15.2.4.4. Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 CYPE 3 4 CYPECAD 15.3.5. Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 15.3.5.1. Pad footings . . . . . . . . . .

Pagina 8 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 15.3.5.2. Strap and tie beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 15.3.6. Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 15.3.6.1. Deformed shape of the structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 15.3.6.2. Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85 15.3.6.3. Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 15.3.6.4. Floor slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 15.3.6.5. Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 15.3.7. Edition resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 15.3.8. Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 15.3.9. Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97 CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples Presentation CYPECAD is the software for rein

Pagina 8-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
15.3.5...

Pagina 9 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza forced concrete, steel, timber and...

forced concrete, steel, timber and aluminium structures which provides the spatial analysis, structural element design, reinforcement and section edition, and construction drawings of the structure. It carries out the analysis of three dimensional structures composed of supports and floor slabs, including their foundations, and the automatic design of reinforced concrete, steel, timber and aluminium elements. With CYPECAD, the engineer holds a precise and efficient tool to resolve all the aspects related to the analysis of the structure of any type of concrete as well as being adapted to the latest international Codes. CYPE 5 6 CYPECAD CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples 15. Practical examples 15.1. Introduction 15.2. Example 1 Two practical examples are described below. Each example is approached in a different manner. There is no single correct way to introducing a job. With practice, the user will develop his or her own method of introducing and analysing a job. Nonethele

Pagina 9-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza forced concrete, steel, timber and aluminium...

Pagina 10 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ss, the objectives of both the...

ss, the objectives of both the examples are to: In this example, a reinforced concrete structure composed of columns, beams and joist floor slabs is to be introduced. • Act as guides as to how the data of the structures should be organised. • Show how they are to be introduced in the program. • Analyse their results. • Obtain the necessary drawings and reports. Fig. 15.1 N.B.: A more advanced course is available, published by CYPE : Practical course of CYPECAD, which can be studied once this example has been worked through. The following practical example is included with the program. To access it and install the DXF file to be used as a template for the data introduction, follow the following steps: CYPE 7 8 CYPECAD • Open the program • Their respective sections with their pre-designed heights. • Click on File > File manager. The file manager window will open. • Angles • Click on the Example button. • Fixed points. The File manager window will ope

Pagina 10-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ss, the objectives of both the examples are to:

...

Pagina 11 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza n displaying the job
file at the...

n displaying the job file at the following directory: \CYPE Ingenieros\ Examples\CYPECAD, which will be opened later on during the example. Please recall that the fixed point of a column is the corner, mid-point or axis from which the transverse section can be incremented. This point is defined so avoid the marked limiting boundaries of the structure to be surpassed and so to not invade openings. The user must know which column faces cannot be moved. 15.2.1.2. Building elevation section drawing This drawing should contain: • Floor numbering • Floor group assignment • Surface dead and live loading Fig. 15.2 • Difference in height between top elevations of finished consecutive floors 15.2.1. Data organising 15.2.1.3. Floor table 15.2.1.1. Column layout drawing Based on the previous drawing, the following table can be created: A drawing of this type should be created, which should display: • The start and end elevations of each vertical column alignment, shear wall an

Pagina 11-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza n displaying the job
file at the following...

Pagina 12 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza d wall.

CYPE

CYPECAD - Practical...

d wall. CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples 15.2.1.4. Floor plans It is convenient for the type of floor, depth, materials, partition loads, stair loads, local surcharges, joist layout direction, etc. to be known beforehand by the user to increase the efficiency of the data introduction. Fig. 15.3 • In the next window (New job window) the program will ask the user to choose the introduction mode amongst various options. Select Empty job (for this example) and click on Accept. 15.2.1.5. DXF or DWG template Once the floor and column outlines, fixed point of the columns, etc. have been drawn, the building geometry can be introduced much more quickly with the aid of a DXF or DWG template in which these elements are already drawn. Although other methods can be used. Use of the DXF or DWG as a template is an advantage compared to introducing the columns using coordinates or other methods (relative dimensions, layout lines or outlines). It also proves to be useful for edge beams and

Pagina 12-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza d wall.

CYPE

CYPECAD - Practical examples

15....

Pagina 13 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza stair
opening beams, patios, lifts, ...

stair opening beams, patios, lifts, building services, etc. If a DXF template is to be used, before exporting the file from the CAD program, please ensure the number of decimal places is set to 3. Check the units of the drawing before importing it into the program and ensure it is in the same units and order of magnitude as the program. Fig. 15.4 15.2.2. Data introduction 15.2.2.2. General data 15.2.2.1. Job creation Having accepted the previous windows, the General data dialogue box will open. Here, a description of the job may be introduced, the codes to follow selected, materials to be used, horizontal loads to be applied, definition of load factors and additional loadcases, column effective length factors, edition of reinforcement tables and analysis options. Follow this process to create the job: • Click on File > New. In the window that opens introduce the name of the job and click on Accept. CYPE 9 10 CYPECAD Fig. 15.6 A new window will open. Fig. 15.5 Fig. 15.

Pagina 13-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza stair
opening beams, patios, lifts, building...

Pagina 14 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza 7

15.2.2.2.1. Code and materials
...

7 15.2.2.2.1. Code and materials The concrete, rolled-steel, cold-formed steel, wood, masonry and composite slab codes can be selected, as well as the type of concrete for each element of the job. The type of steel to be used for the reinforcement bars can also be defined. • Click on Symmetry criteria. Introduce 300 in the window that appears and Accept. For this example, the concrete to be used will be C25/30, steel for bars S-500 and for the codes, select the corresponding Eurocodes for each material by pressing on the Codes button at the top of the dialogue box. Fig. 15.8 • From the options window select Continuity criteria. Select Apply from the next to last from the scroll menu for the option The number of bars in the faces must be greater than or equal to that of the higher floor. Accept this option, Exit the Vertical bar options window and the program will return to the General data window. Using the By position button , the reinforcement tables may be accessed and ma

Pagina 14-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza 7

15.2.2.2.1. Code and materials

The concrete, ...

Pagina 15 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ny analysis options can be edited and...

ny analysis options can be edited and modified by the user. In this example, columns will be designed in such a way that all four faces will contain symmetrical reinforcement and be continuous. Follow the steps to apply this arrangement: • Click on the By position button • Click on the Vertical bar options button CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples 15.2.2.2.3. Additional loadcases (special loads) The use categories for the building are to be defined here. Click on the Additional loadcases (special loads) button and then on the use category icon. Select A.Domestic and household and H. Roofs from the emerging window and accept. Fig. 15.9 • To define the allowable bearing pressure of the soil, click on the Foundation data button . • In the emerging window, introduce an allowable bearing pressure of 0.20 MPa for persistent situations and 0.30 MPa for accidental situations. Fig. 15.11 Fig. 15.10 The additional live loads of this example are introduced without the need of h

Pagina 15-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ny analysis options can be edited and modified by...

Pagina 16 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza aving to define an additional...

aving to define an additional loadcase. Nonetheless, if other loadcases are to be created in another job, be they compatible, incompatible or simultaneous with other loadcases, click on the Additional loadcases (special loads) button. 15.2.2.2.2. Wind and earthquake loading We recommend that a first analysis be launched with only vertical forces applied so that a general adjustment of the columns can be carried out. In the second analysis, the horizontal forces can be applied, if any, followed by the adjustment of all the resistant elements. In the case of an experienced user, predesign the columns so that only a single analysis is required. 15.2.2.2.4. Limit states (combinations) The limit states (combinations) can now be defined: • Click on the Limit states (combinations) button in the General data window. In this practical example, no horizontal loads will be introduced. • From the scrolling menus in the Limit states window which appears, choose the Execution control, Use

Pagina 16-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza aving to define an additional loadcase....

Pagina 17 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza
category and Snow level for the job....

category and Snow level for the job. CYPE 11 12 CYPECAD 15.2.2.3. Floor / Floor group definition • If special combinations are to be defined for a specific material, click on the Configure combinations for each limit state button at the bottom of the Limits states window. Floors and floor groups are defined as follows: • Click on Introduction > Floors /Groups • In the new window, select the button corresponding to the option whose limit states are to be modified. • Click on New floors in the emerging window Fig. 15.13 • Click on Single and click on Accept. Fig. 15.14 • Introduce five floors and press the Enter key. Complete the table and click on Accept. Fig. 15.12 15.2.2.2.5. Effective length factors Leave the default coefficients. If the structure is analysed with vertical forces, a value of 1 for these parameters provides results with an applied safety factor. If there are horizontal loads acting on the structure, this value is also reliable as long as t

Pagina 17-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza
category and Snow level for the job.

CYPE

11

...

Pagina 18 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza he analysis is
carried out taking...

he analysis is carried out taking into account second order effects. Fig. 15.15 • The Floors and Groups window will appear again but this time with more options. Fig. 15.16 CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples • Group the second and third floors. Select Join groups. A new window will open to join the groups. • Move the mouse cursor and click to select which floors are to be grouped. Fig. 15.19 • Click Edit groups and change the name of Floors 2 and 3 to 2nd and 3rd floors. Fig. 15.17 • Click on Accept. From the dialogue box that appears, either option can be selected as no floor geometry has been defined yet (this option is intended for use if the floors are grouped once their geometry has been defined and differs between the two floors. Upon grouping them, since they both have to contain the same geometry, the program prompts as to which geometry of the floors is to remain). Fig. 15.20 15.2.2.4. Import DXF or DWG templates Fig. 15.18 As mentioned previously, the

Pagina 18-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza he analysis is
carried out taking into account...

Pagina 19 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza use of a DXF or DWG template is very ...

use of a DXF or DWG template is very useful when introducing the geometry of the structure. To import the DXF or DWG file: • Click on Accept and the Floors and groups dialogue box will reappear. • Select the Edit templates button from the toolbar. The Template views manager window will open. • Click on Edit floors and introduce –0.90 as the value for the Elevation of the foundation plane. CYPE 13 14 CYPECAD 15.2.2.5. Column introduction The columns will now be introduced. • Click on Introduction > Columns, shear walls and starts from the menu in the Column Definition tab. The following dialogue box will open. Fig. 15.23 • Click on New column. For the time being, all the columns will be introduced with the same dimensions from the Foundations to the Lift machinery roof. Therefore, accept the data that appears in the window. Fig. 15.21 • Click on the Add icon and the Selection of templates to read dialogue box will open asking for a DXF or DWG file to be sele

Pagina 19-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza use of a DXF or DWG template is very useful when ...

Pagina 20 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza cted. Find the floor_geometry.dxf...

cted. Find the floor_geometry.dxf file located in \CYPE Ingenieros\Examples \CYPECAD\. Select and click on Open. • Click on Accept to return to the Template views manager. Fig. 15.24 • Upon accepting, the dialogue box will close and return to the main screen. Using the scroll wheel of the mouse or by opening a zoom window using the icon in the toolbar at the top of the screen, zoom in, so to view the first column in the DXF template. Fig. 15.22 • Click on Accept once again, to be able to view the template on screen. Upon doing so the program will ask: Would you like to assign the view to all the groups? Choose Yes. For this example, a template has been created (with a CAD program) to be used for the floor geometry. CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples • Click on the bottom left hand corner. The corner of the column has been snapped. However, the position of the column that has been introduced does not coincide with the column from the template. Fig. 15.25 Fig. 15.28 �

Pagina 20-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza cted. Find the floor_geometry.dxf
file located in...

Pagina 21 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza � Click on the Template object snaps
...

� Click on the Template object snaps icon in the toolbar at the top of the screen. The first column to be introduced is a corner column, therefore the fixed point of the column will be the bottom left hand corner of the column. • To adjust the column, click on the right mouse button. The New column window will open. Click on Cancel and the Columns, shear walls and starts dialogue box will appear. • In the Object snap selection dialogue box that opens, mark the Intersection box then click on Accept. Fig. 15.26 • Place the mouse cursor over the bottom left hand corner of the column (its fixed point, marked on the template with a red circle). Notice how a cross appears when the mouse cursor is moved over two intersecting lines. Fig. 15.29 • Click on Edit followed by a click on the corner column. In the Edit dialogue box, a diagram of the Fixed point of the column is shown in the top right hand corner. The possible fixed points of the column are displayed in green, and the s

Pagina 21-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza � Click on the Template object snaps
icon in the
...

Pagina 22 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza elected fixed point is displayed in...

elected fixed point is displayed in red. Fig. 15.27 CYPE 15 16 CYPECAD Fig. 15.32 • Introduce the remaining columns always using the object snap to snap to the fixed point, which is displayed with a red circle in the template. When introducing a column whose fixed point is at its centre, the adjustment will not have to be carried out. Fig. 15.30 • Click on the bottom left hand corner fixed point to select it. • Click on Accept. • Click on the Full screen icon from the toolbar to obtain a complete view of the floor. Fig. 15.33 Fig. 15.31 • Zoom to view the column situated to the right of the column that has just been introduced. Click on the right mouse button. Click on New column in the Columns, shear walls and starts window. The New column window will open. Click on Accept. Fig. 15.34 This process may be slow and tedious. However, there is no need in carrying out a zoom on each column, a larger zoom window can be used to view several columns, intro- • In thi

Pagina 22-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza elected fixed point is displayed in red.

Fig. 15...

Pagina 23 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza s case the bottom right hand corner...

s case the bottom right hand corner should be snapped to and then carry out the corresponding adjustment in the Edit window. CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples duce them snapping to their fixed points and then adjust each one. In this example, the process has been described in detail so it may be understood well. Another option is to introduce all the columns by snapping to their centre in the DXF template and then use the Change fixed point option, from the Columns, shear walls and starts window. This option modifies the fixed point without displacing the column. When this tool is selected, the Fixed point dialogue box will appear. Here the fixed point of the column can be chosen and then assigned to the columns which are to have their fixed point at that position. Fig. 15.36 • Bearing in mind that the columns are number from left to right and bottom to top, click on the Assign button and click on the columns P1, P3, P5, P8, P9 and P10, which will be marked in red. Click on t

Pagina 23-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza s case the bottom right hand corner should be...

Pagina 24 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza he right mouse
button and select...

he right mouse button and select Finish. Fig. 15.35 • Click on Exit to close the Columns, shear walls and starts window and to conclude the column introduction, click on the Beam Definition tab. This way of introducing the columns may result to be more comfortable, but remember that for the columns to be introduced correctly, the dimensions must be the same as they are in the DXF template. If this is not the case, the fixed point will not be in its correct position. Therefore if a DXF template is being used where the dimensions of the columns differ from one another, these must be changed each time a new column is introduced or alternatively, once they have all been introduced, edited one by one. 15.2.2.6. Introduction of group 1: 1st floor Having clicked on the Beam Definition tab, the program will situate the user on the first floor. Firstly, activate the visibility of the element references. Now the start and end of the columns will be modified. • Select Modify initial an

Pagina 24-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza he right mouse
button and select Finish.

Fig. 15...

Pagina 25 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza d final group from the Columns, shear...

d final group from the Columns, shear wall and starts dialogue box. • In the window that appears, deactivate the Initial group box and for the Final group, select Roof. Fig. 15.37 CYPE 17 18 CYPECAD 15.2.2.6.1. Beams This menu contains general and specific help dialogue boxes, which provide information on how to introduce straight and curved, continuous or discontinuous, program definitions, etc. To understand the introduction modes of the program, it is highly recommended the help dialogue boxes be consulted. • Click on Groups > Show references (or select the icon from the toolbar at the top of the screen). A window will appear where the Visible, Columns, Beam dimensions/ reference boxes are to be activated. The rest left unmarked. To change the dimensions of the beam to be introduced, click on the first button of the floating menu and the Current beam window will reappear. Now the beams will be introduced. • Click on Beams/Walls > Define beam. The Current beam wind

Pagina 25-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza d final group from the Columns, shear wall and...

Pagina 26 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ow will open.

For this example,...

ow will open. For this example, ensure the options of the floating menu are set as follows: • Select a flat beam by clicking on the top icon of the left hand column. o • Click on the dimension representing the width of the beam and change it to 0.30. o o o : Should be in Simple mode :Any of the three options can be activated depending on the user’s beam introduction preference. : The Without displacement option should be activated. : Should have Straight option activated. Whilst the floating menu is visible, beams are ready to be introduced. If the menu disappears, it can always be activated by reselecting the Define beam option from the Beams/Walls menu. • Beams can be introduced and adjusted to their respective positions in the DXF template in two different ways. One way consists in snapping the axes, faces or edges of the previously introduced columns and then adjusting the beam to the DXF template. The other way is by snapping to the elements of the imported DXF te

Pagina 26-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ow will open.

For this example, ensure the...

Pagina 27 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza mplate, and so the beam is adjusted...

mplate, and so the beam is adjusted when it is being introduced. Fig. 15.38 • Click on Accept and the Define beam floating menu will appear on screen. • Introduction of beam P1-P5 by snapping to columns. Fig. 15.39 o CYPE To snap to the axes, faces or edges of the columns, the DXF or DWG object snaps must be deactivated. CYPECAD - Practical examples o o To do so, click on the icon in the toolbar and deactivate any objects snaps which may be activated. Alternatively, pressing F3, will deactivate/activate all the object snaps. o Select Beams/Walls > Adjust. Click on the left side of the beam Note: The mouse cursor must be situated outside the width of the beam but close to its left side, otherwise if it is placed within the width of the beam, the axis of the beam will be adjusted to the façade line. The beam is displaced automatically so that its side coincides with the line drawn in the template. Fig. 15.40 o The third button of the Define beam floating menu must

Pagina 27-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza mplate, and so the beam is adjusted when it is...

Pagina 28 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza be set to Centre. Click on column P1....

be set to Centre. Click on column P1. When the centre of the column has been selected, the mouse curse will change to a red point. Click on column P5. Fig. 15.43 This adjustment, as well as displacing the beam so its side face coincides with the template also establishes its fixed side, which due to it being an edge beam at the façade of the building is displaced 5 cm with respect to the face of the column. Fig. 15.41 o 19 Having introduced this beam, its side has to adjusted to the façade drawn on the template. To do so, activate the Nearest object snap from the Object snap selection window. It is normal for the width of the beam to vary as the analysis of the structure proceeds, and if a side of the beam is to be maintained at a fixed position after it has been introduced, it must be adjusted (to a template line, column face, etc.) • Introduction of beam P1-P5 by snap to DXF template o o Fig. 15.42 CYPE Delete the beam P1-P5 (Beams/Walls > Delete) to practise introduc

Pagina 28-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza be set to Centre. Click on column P1.
When the...

Pagina 29 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ing the beam using a different
way....

ing the beam using a different way. Select the option Beams/Walls > Define beam. 20 CYPECAD o o close enough to the columns, in such a way that the width of the beam overlaps them, the beam connecting columns P1 and P5 will be obtained. Click on the button in the toolbar to activate the Nearest object snap and deactivate any other object snap which may be selected. The third button from the Define beam floating menu should be set to Left adjustment. Position the cursor at a point on the façade line of the template between columns P1 and P5. Fig. 15.46 • To introduce a beam using any of the methods described above, beam spans do not necessarily have to be introduced from one column to the next column. Any beam length can be introduced and the beam will remain joined to any column it overlaps. Fig. 15.44 o The symbol which appears when the cursor is brought close to a line of the DXF template indicates that if the user clicks on the left mouse button at that point, the star

Pagina 29-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ing the beam using a different
way.
Select the...

Pagina 30 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza t of the beam will be at that
point. ...

t of the beam will be at that point. Introduce the initial and final points of the beam by snapping to two points along the façade line of the template, the first close to P1 and the second close to P5. Now introduce the remaining beams: • Beam P5 - P8 (from column P5 to column P8). The option Beams/Walls > Extend beam can be used to extend the end of beam P1-P5 or introduce a new beam using Beams/Walls > Define beam and then adjust it to the template line using the option Beams/Walls > Adjust, as was done with beam P1-P5. Each of the spans introduced must be adjusted; in this case only the second as the first was adjusted previously. • Beam P8-P10, flat 0.40m width. External side adjusted to the template line. In this case, the two ends of the frame are introduced as column P9 is aligned with columns P8 and P10. Fig. 15.45 o • Beam P4-P10, flat 0.30m width. External sides (right) of both spans adjusted to the template line. For the beam to span between column P1 and colu

Pagina 30-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza t of the beam will be at that
point. Introduce...

Pagina 31 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza mn P5, it must be extended using the ...

mn P5, it must be extended using the Extend beam command found in Beams/Walls > Extend beam. The beam may also be introduced without the need of having to extend it later on. If the initial and final points of the beam are snapped to points • Beam P1-P2, flat 0.30m width. External sides (bottom) of the three spans adjusted to the template line. • Beam P2-P3, dropped 0.20 × 0.40 m. External sides (bottom) of the three spans adjusted to the template line. CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples • Beam P3-P4, flat 0.40 m width. External sides (bottom) of the three spans adjusted to the template line. • 0.25 m width flat beam closing off the bottom of the lift opening. Similar to the previous case, it is introduced at its approximate position, then adjusted. • Beam P5-P7, flat 0.50 m width. Not to be adjusted, therefore the program maintains the longitudinal axis fixed in case its width varies. • 0.25 m width flat beam which closes off the right hand side of the lift openin

Pagina 31-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza mn P5, it must be extended using the Extend beam ...

Pagina 32 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza g. Similar to the previous case, it...

g. Similar to the previous case, it is introduced at its approximate position, then adjusted. • Click on the Edit templates icon from the toolbar. In the window that opens, deactivate the Visible box from the top table. The floor layout should be as follows: Fig. 15.48 Fig. 15.47 It can be seen that beams introduced as flat beams do not have depth. They will automatically adopt the depth of the panel they hold. The beam that has just been introduced contains a span, P6-P7, which partly defines the stair opening, but its side does not coincide exactly with the opening. If two panels reach the same beam, the beam will adopt the greatest depth of the two. What must be done in the job (the user should correct and reflect it in the drawing) is to infill the area between the side of the beam up to the edge of the opening. As there are important section variations in the same beam alignment, it is convenient that the reinforcement be divided at these section changes. It does not ma

Pagina 32-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza g. Similar to the previous case, it is
introduced...

Pagina 33 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ke sense to move, in this case, the...

ke sense to move, in this case, the beam so that its side coincides with the stair opening (as it would have to be moved a large distance), and therefore, the axis of the beam would not lie within the width of the columns. • Click on Beams/Walls> Beam alignments > Divide an alignment. • Place the cursor over P2. A red dot and a scissor symbol will appear. Click on the column with the red mouse button. • Beam P2-P6, flat 0.30 m width. External side (right) adjusted to the template line which defines the stair opening. • Repeat over P3. • Beam P3-(P6-P7), flat 0.25m width. The beam spans from P3 and ends perpendicular to beam (P6-P7). The Orthogonal on/off option can be used from the toolbar or roughly introduce the second end of the beam and then adjust to the template line. Fig. 15.49 CYPE 21 22 CYPECAD 15.2.2.6.2. Floor slabs The types of joist floor slabs available can be selected by clicking on their respective image. By clicking on the icon and then on the ima

Pagina 33-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ke sense to move, in this case, the beam so
that ...

Pagina 34 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ge, the name of the type
of joist...

ge, the name of the type of joist slab is displayed. To be able to select some of these types, the user must have acquired the corresponding modules. The selected default option is that of a concrete joist floor slab to be used to introduced generic precast joist slabs. This corresponds to the first image. Click on it if it is not already selected. Follow these instructions to introduce the floor slabs: • Click on Slabs > Panel manager. A floating menu will appear. Initially and whilst no slabs are introduced, nearly all the icons in this window will appear deactivated. This window contains most of the tools required to manage slab introduction. Fig. 15.50 • Click on the first icon from the floating menu Panel manager dialogue box will appear. • The properties of the slab that is going to be introduced have to be defined. To do so, click on the button which lies below the joist images. A new dialogue box opens where the corresponding data has to be introduced. . The Fig. 15

Pagina 34-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ge, the name of the type
of joist slab is...

Pagina 35 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza .51

• Select the Joist floor slabs...

.51 • Select the Joist floor slabs option. The dialogue box will change to display the options associated with joist floor slabs (these will vary depending on the selected construction codes). Fig. 15.53 • Having done so, click on Accept and the program will return to the Panel manager window. In the bottom part of the screen, the layout of the joists is defined. For this example, select the first option: Parallel to a beam and accept the dialogue box. • The slab can now be introduced. Click on the opening defined by columns P1-P2-P5-P6. • The direction of the joists has to be defined. Click on beam P1-P5. The slab as been introduced. Fig. 15.52 CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples The remaining slabs can be copied from the one that has just been introduced. This is recommended so that joists from adjacent slabs have a continuous layout. • To introduce an opening where a slab has been introduced, select Delete panel from the floating menu, then click on the slab to be

Pagina 35-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza .51

• Select the Joist floor slabs option. The...

Pagina 36 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza eliminated.

• To do so click on...

eliminated. • To do so click on the Copy panel icon from the floating menu. Click on the slab that has just been introduced. A new window will open from which the data to copy can be selected. Accept the window with the proposed selection. 15.2.2.6.3. Loads There are two general methods to introduce loads. The first is to introduce the loads manually using the options in the Loads window (Loads >Loads). The second is available for line and surface load introduction which consists of an automatic introduction of loads on beams in the case of line loads (Loads > Line loads on beams) and on slabs in the case of surface loads (Loads > Surface loads on slabs). The latter option is the quicker option and is useful only if the loads are to be assigned to the entire element. In the case of loads partially assigned to the element, the user will have to judge whether to introduce the loads manually or automatically and then edit them to obtain the real distribution. Fig. 15.54 Now click o

Pagina 36-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza eliminated.

• To do so click on the Copy panel...

Pagina 37 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza n the openings to introduce the slabs...

n the openings to introduce the slabs displayed in the following figure. Follow this process to introduce the line loads: • Click on Loads > Line loads on beams • First introduce the dead loads. In the window that opens, type in a load of 7.00 kN/m. Select Dead load for the Loadcase. Fig. 15.56 • Click on Add and the window will close so the load can be introduced. • Assign the load to all the perimeter beams. Fig. 15.55 CYPE 23 24 CYPECAD • Complete the remaining loads. • To introduce the live loads transmitted by the staircase, select the Live load in the Loadcase compartment from the Loads window. • Introduce the two 6.00 kN/m line loads on the stair supports. Fig. 15.60 Fig. 15.57 • Click on the right mouse button and select Finish from the window that appears. • Click on Loads >Loads. • In the new window, select Line load, type in 12.00 kN/m, leave the Loadcase as Dead load and select New. This will correspond to the self weight of the staircase

Pagina 37-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza n the openings to introduce the slabs displayed...

Pagina 38 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza on both supports:
Fig. 15.61

The...

on both supports: Fig. 15.61 The floor introduction has been completed. The second floor can now be defined: • Click on the Up a group arrow in the toolbar. Fig. 15.58 • It may occur that, if the described beam and slab introduction order has not been followed exactly, upon going up to a different group, the program may ask for the depth of the beam separating the stair and lift openings. In this case, if the beam remains divided in two spans, it has been defined as flat but does not have a slab on either side of it. This is of no great importance. Introduce, in this case, the same depth as has been defined for the slab. This way, it remains a flat beam. Fig. 15.59 CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples 15.2.2.7. Introduction of group 2: 2nd and 3rd floors 15.2.2.7.1. Beams Beams P1-P5-P8 and P8-P9-P10 are not to be adjusted to the template line as they are in the group below, as they do not coincide with the façades. They must be adjusted to the column axes. To do so: As th

Pagina 38-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza on both supports:
Fig. 15.61

The floor...

Pagina 39 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza is group is very similar to the...

is group is very similar to the previous group, it may be copied and then edited to carry out the necessary changes. • Click on Groups > Copy from another group. In the window that opens, place the mouse cursor over the first group. The text corresponding to the Selected group at the top of the screen will display 1. 1st floor. Click on that floor or press Accept. • Deactivate all the template object snaps (in the toolbar). • Select Beams/Walls > Adjust followed by a click on the longitudinal axis of the beam at the centre of its span. This will adjust its axis with the axis of the columns on which it is supported. If the cursor is not placed at the middle of the span, i.e. the cursor is close to one of the beam ends, only that end will be adjusted. However, the same can be done at the other end. • Repeat this process at each of the aforementioned spans. Fig. 15.62 • Activate the template by carrying out the opposite process to that explained earlier to deactivate it. Dea

Pagina 39-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza is group is very similar to the previous group,...

Pagina 40 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ctivate the visibility of the loads...

ctivate the visibility of the loads by pressing Loads > Shown. It must be noted that adjustment to columns (be it to their face or axis) can only be done if the template object snaps have been previously deactivated. The following beams will now be introduced. When the connection of several beams does not occur at a column, introduce beam segments shorter than their real length. These beam spans can be adjusted to the DXF template lines whilst they are being introduced or first introduced and then adjusted later. Their ends are then extended and finally the unwanted ends can be cut off. An example of what has been described can be seen in the introduction of the beams parallel to the west and north façades. These beams define the two overhanging slabs of this floor group. To introduce them, follow the instructions described below: Fig. 15.63 • Activate the Nearest object snap from the toolbar. CYPE 25 26 CYPECAD • To introduce the beam parallel to the west façade, sele

Pagina 40-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ctivate the visibility of the loads by pressing...

Pagina 41 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ct a flat beam width 0.25 m. To do so...

ct a flat beam width 0.25 m. To do so, click on the first button of the floating menu Current beam selection. If this window is not visible, activate it using the Define beam option from the Beams/Walls menu. • Now the final point of the beam fragment that is being defined has to be defined. This can be done by approximating the cursor to the DXF template line where the object snap symbol will appear, followed by a click with the left mouse button at that moment. The beam will have the following appearance: • Select the Left adjustment by clicking on the button of the Define beam window. This button may differ depending on the current adjustment at the time: or . • Introduce the first point of this beam by bringing the cursor near to the DXF template line to be snapped to until the snap symbol appears on the DXF template line as is displayed in the image. Fig. 15.66 • Introduce a beam segment parallel to the north façade, following the same procedure as in the previous ex

Pagina 41-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ct a flat beam width 0.25 m. To do so, click on...

Pagina 42 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ample. In this case use a 0.10 m wide...

ample. In this case use a 0.10 m wide non-structural beam with a width of 0.10 m. Fig. 15.64 • Once the object snap has appeared, click on the left mouse button. If the mouse is then moved, the beginning of a beam can be seen anchored on its left side to the point that has just been snapped to. Fig. 15.67 Fig. 15.65 CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples • The non-structural beam must be introduced as shown in the following figure. • Extend and delete beam segments until the following layout is obtained. Fig. 15.68 • Extend the two beams (further than is required) using the option Beams/Walls > Extend beam. Fig. 15.71 Fig. 15.69 15.2.2.7.2. Floor slabs • Delete the unnecessary beam segments using the option Beams/Walls > Delete. Introduce the floor slabs by copying those that have already been introduced. This way the joists are continuous as was explained earlier. 15.2.2.7.3. Loads The perimeter line loads of the north and west façades change position. Fig. 15.7

Pagina 43 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza 0

• Use the option Loads > Loads >...

0 • Use the option Loads > Loads > Move to obtain the following layout. CYPE 27 28 CYPECAD Fig. 15.72 • Click on the Up a group icon in the toolbar to proceed to the next group. Fig. 15.73 • Click on the Up a group icon in the toolbar. 15.2.2.8. Introduction of group 3: Roof 15.2.2.9. Introduction of group 4: Lift machinery roof The roof layout is very similar to the previous group. Introduce the geometry of the Lift machinery roof, which is shown in the diagram below. There are no line loads. • Copy the group below. The line loads must be modified. • The external line load values are changed from 7.00 kN/m to 4.00 kN/m corresponding to the roof wall. This can be done using the option Loads > Loads > Edit. • The roof wall has a brief interruption when it reaches the wall of the lift machinery room. The loads must be moved. Do so using the option: Loads > Loads > Move. Fig. 15.74 • The load to introduce due to the wall of the Lift machinery room is 6.00 k

Pagina 43-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza 0

• Use the option Loads > Loads > Move to...

Pagina 44 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza N/m.

15.2.2.10. Introduction of...

N/m. 15.2.2.10. Introduction of group 0: Foundations 15.2.2.10.1. Pad footings The loads transmitted by the staircase can be reduced as the stair only reaches the floor. The start loads of the stair can be deleted. The foundations of the building will consist of pad footings. • Click on the Go to group icon in the toolbar and in the window that opens select Foundations. The first elements to introduce will be the pad footings followed by the strap and tie beams. The loads around the perimeter of the lift opening are increased to 8.00 kN/m. These correspond to the machinery slab where it is supported and the walls that support the slab. This slab must be designed in a separate file. The load distribution should look as follows: • Select Foundation > Foundation elements. The following floating window will appear: CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples • Click and the footing will be introduced. Fig. 15.75 • Whilst no pad footings have been introduced, the floating menu only

Pagina 44-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza N/m.

15.2.2.10. Introduction of group 0:...

Pagina 45 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza displays the first option as being...

displays the first option as being available. This window contains helps which inform the user on the tools provided to introduce footings and pile caps. • Click on the first icon box will appear: and the following dialogue Fig. 15.78 • To introduce an edge footing at column P2, place the cursor in the following way. This way the edge footing is obtained. Fig. 15.76 • Select the Single column elements option and the first of the three buttons which represents a reinforced concrete footing. The other two buttons are used to introduce mass concrete footings and pile caps. • Click on Accept. Introduce a corner footing at P1. To do so, bring the mouse cursor close to the column and move it around the column. It can be observed that the cursor changes indicating what type of footing would be introduced if the user were to click at that moment. Fig. 15.79 This way, if the cursor is placed in the top right hand corner, the symbol which is displayed represents a footing with t

Pagina 45-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza displays the first option as being available....

Pagina 46 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza he column situated in the bottom left...

he column situated in the bottom left hand corner. Fig. 15.80 • To introduce a centred footing at column P6, the cursor must be placed directly over the column. The cursor will display two concentric squares. Click to introduce the footing. Fig. 15.77 CYPE 29 30 CYPECAD • Introduce the remaining footings until the layout has the following appearance: Fig. 15.81 • Now a combined pad footing will be introduced at columns P3-P4. To do so, click on the right mouse button and in the window that opens select Multiple column elements. Fig. 15.85 15.2.2.10.2. Strap and tie beams Fig. 15.86 Fig. 15.82 Having introduced the footings, the strap and tie beams are to be introduced. This order is followed so that once the pad footings have been introduced (corner, edge, centred, etc. footings) the program will automatically balance the beam only at the end at which there is an eccentric column on the footing (eccentric in the direction of the beam). • Click on Accept. Select,

Pagina 46-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza he column situated in the bottom left hand
corner...

Pagina 47 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza by means of a capture window, columns...

by means of a capture window, columns P3 and P4 or by clicking on one and then the other. The selected columns should be displayed in yellow. • Click on Foundation > Strap and tie beams. Fig. 15.83 The strap and tie beam floating menu will appear. Only the first icon will be activated, the rest will be activated once a beam has been introduced. This window provides help and information on all the tools used in the introduction of strap and tie beams. • Now click on the right mouse button. A cross and circle will appear, indicating the insertion point of the footing. Move the cursor of the mouse until the cursor symbol changes to that of a corner footing. • Click on the first icon in the floating menu logue box will open. • Click and the footing will be introduced. . A dia- • When the new window opens, the selected default option is that of the automatic balancing beam. Leave this option as the selected beam. Fig. 15.84 CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples 15.2.3. A

Pagina 47-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza by means of a capture window, columns P3 and P4...

Pagina 48 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza nalysis

Nothing has to be selected. ...

nalysis Nothing has to be selected. The scroll menus display the selection of beams the program contains in its tables. CYPECAD selects the optimum sections of the beams parting from the smallest that exist in the table. Now that all the data has been introduced, the structure can be analysed. If the data has not been completely introduced as has been instructed up to this point, this example is available at \CYPE Ingenieros\Examples\CYPECAD. • Therefore, click on Accept. • Introduce the first beam between P1 and P5. It can be seen that the balancing symbol only appears at the bottom end of the beam, which is the only position where the balancing action is required. Now introduce the remaining beams as shown. • Click on Analyse > Analyse the job (except foundation). The reason why the foundation should not be analysed, for the time being, is due to the reason that, usually, columns, beams, etc require section modifications after the first analysis, and therefore a new analy

Pagina 48-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza nalysis

Nothing has to be selected. The scroll...

Pagina 49 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza sis of the
structure must be launched...

sis of the structure must be launched to account for any load changes. The foundation of the structure can be designed, as will be seen later on, having completed the rest of the structure. Once the analysis has concluded, a report appears on screen informing the user of any errors that have arisen. • To check the results, click on the Results tab. Fig. 15.87 15.2.4. Results revision 15.2.4.1. Columns It is recommended that the columns be the first elements to check. 15.2.4.1.1. Displacements (only with horizontal loads) Even though horizontal loads have not been used in this job, it is necessary for the analysis to be carried out considering second order effects (the coefficient that multiplies the displacements will be left the assigned value of 1). When the analysis has ended, it should be checked that the global stability coefficient is greater than 1.20. If so, the Fig. 15.88 CYPE 31 32 CYPECAD stiffness of the structure must be increased in that direction, as it is

Pagina 49-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza sis of the
structure must be launched to account ...

Pagina 50 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza easily deformed and has little...

easily deformed and has little stability in that direction. If the value is less than 1.1, its effect is negligible. It must be taken into account that the forces provided by the program belong to simple loadcases and, therefore, they do not have an applied safety factor and are independent for dead loads, live loads, etc. 15.2.4.1.2. Force check 15.2.4.1.3. Section check The user may consult axial forces, moments, shear and torsion forces by loadcase at any column elevation, analytically and graphically. • Select the option Columns > Edit, followed by a click on the first column. The Column edition window will appear. The worst case forces can also be consulted (loadcase combinations which result in having to provide maximum reinforcement) for any span. Click on Envelopes > Forces in columns and shear walls. Click on a column, for example P6. Fig. 15.90 In the bottom left hand corner of the window, the Plan view of the columns can be seen. Here, the columns sharing the same

Pagina 50-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza easily deformed and has little stability in that...

Pagina 51 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza reinforcement (i.e. which belong to
...

reinforcement (i.e. which belong to the same column group) are highlighted with a circle; one of them in a bold circle. In this case, P1 is in the bold circle. This means P1 is the master column of the group, hence any modifications carried out on P1 will also be carried out on the other columns of the. Fig. 15.89 It is recommended that, if not all, at least some of the columns of the structure are checked. The axial force at the start of the column provided by the program must be approximately equal to that calculated by hand. The variance is due to the difference in the estimated tributary area due to the hiperstaticity of the structure in general and especially of the slabs. CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples If horizontal loads are present, it is recommended the section of the columns be increased when reinforcement bars with a diameter greater than 16mm appear. This way, it will avoid, after the second analysis, 25mm reinforcement bars being used. 15.2.4.2. Beams 15.2.4.2.

Pagina 51-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza reinforcement (i.e. which belong to
the same...

Pagina 52 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza 1. Force check

It is convenient to...

1. Force check It is convenient to check at least the bending moment envelopes of all the beams of the structure in a graphical way. • Go to group 1. Deactivate the visibility of the joist top reinforcement by clicking on Joists > Views and deactivating the Top reinforcement box. Fig. 15.91 At the end of the column information line of a floor, a tick or cross appears indicating the column span is adequate or it fails, respectively. A more detailed report of the checks carried out on the column can be found in the Summary of code checks section on the bottom right hand corner of the Column edition window. If there are any errors, the column section has to be redesigned. Upon modifying the column section in this window, the reinforcement redesign of the columns will be carried out using the simple loadcase combinations belonging to the last analysis. If the section modifications are important, or if they are of little importance but horizontal wind and/or seismic loading is prese

Pagina 52-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza 1. Force check

It is convenient to check at...

Pagina 53 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza nt, the structure must be reanalysed
...

nt, the structure must be reanalysed with the new sections as their inertia will have varied. Fig. 15.92 • Click on Envelopes > Forces in beams. In the window that opens, activate the negative and positive moment boxes. • Run through all the columns by selecting them in the Column group section in the top left hand corner of the Column edition window, up to column P10, and check that they do not contain any errors. CYPE 33 34 CYPECAD Bear in mind that these envelopes have an applied safety factor and, as was said previously in the case of forces in columns, the tributary area considered by the user when carrying out manual calculations is only an approximation to what occurs in reality, due to the hiperstaticity of the slab. The user must also be aware that the simply supported moment W L2 /8 is for line loads but what the joists really transmit to the beam is a series of point loads. Fig. 15.93 15.2.4.2.2. Section check • Click on a beam. Beams containing an error wit

Pagina 53-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza nt, the structure must be reanalysed
with the new...

Pagina 54 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza h their reinforcement, deflection,...

h their reinforcement, deflection, etc. or that stand out for a reason will be displayed in red. • To know the reason of the error or warning click on Beams/Walls > Beam errors, followed by a click on the beam displayed in red. In our example, one of these beams is P9-P10 in Group 2. Fig. 15.95 Fig. 15.94 This beam has a deflection problem. In this case, as only this problem is present, the reinforcement of the beam can be edited and increased, or increase the width of the beam. Here, the second solution will be applied. • The remaining beams should be consulted on all floors. If the diagram of an envelope is not coherent, it is convenient that this span be checked and to ensure that the sum of half of the moments at its ends plus the whole of the centre moment approximately correspond to the simply supported moment. CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples 15.2.4.3. Joist floor slabs • Select the Beam Definition tab. Click on Beams/Walls > Assign beams. 15.2.4.3.1. Force chec

Pagina 54-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza h their reinforcement, deflection, etc. or that...

Pagina 55 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza k

It is convenient for some joist...

k It is convenient for some joist bending moment envelopes to be checked. • Return to Group 1. Click on Envelopes > Forces in joists. In the window that opens only activate the positive and negative moment boxes. Fig. 15.96 • Select Based on beam adjustment and click on Current beam. In the new window that opens select a flat beam with a width of 0.5 m. • Click on a joist. • All three beam spans making up the frame must be clicked on. Fig. 15.98 Fig. 15.97 • The user should continue checking the remaining joists on all floors and, if the diagram of an envelope is not coherent, it is convenient the same check be carried out as with the beams. • As section changes have occurred, the beams must be redesigned. Click on Analyse > Redesign frames with changes. Upon doing so, a warning message will appear which should be read carefully. • Click on Yes. Select the Results tab and check the new deflection of the beam. 15.2.4.3.2. Section check Joists containing errors

Pagina 55-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza k

It is convenient for some joist bending moment...

Pagina 56 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza such as shear, deflection, etc. or...

such as shear, deflection, etc. or that stand out for a reason will be displayed in red. • Repeat this process with the same span in Group 3, only with a width of 0.55 m. • To know the reason for the error or warning click on Joists > Errors, followed by a click on a joist in red. CYPE 35 36 CYPECAD • Reanalyse the structure. Click on the Results tab. Select Joists > Information. • Click on the joists which had deflection problems. The problem has now been solved. Fig. 15.99 The deflection of this joist and others adjacent to it overcome the deflection limits. The are various solutions to deflection problems. In this case a double joist will be placed where the joists only have one span. To do so, follow the following steps: Fig. 15.101 15.2.4.4. Foundation • Select the Beam Definition tab. Open Slabs > Panel manager. In the window that opens select Enter double joist. 15.2.4.4.1. Design First of all the foundation has to be analysed, if it has not been alread

Pagina 56-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza such as shear, deflection, etc. or
that stand...

Pagina 57 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza y. But, as a previous step, the pad...

y. But, as a previous step, the pad footings will be assigned a minimum depth of 1m. To do so: • The previous window will close and the joists are to be entered from right to left sequentially on the joists of the top right slab. • Go to group 0 (foundation). • Click on Job > General data. • Click on the By position button. • Click on the Foundation tab. • Click on the Strip and pad footing options. • Click on the Pad footing options. • In the window that opens, introduce a value of 100 in the Minimum depth box. Fig. 15.100 CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples • Click on, for example, the footing below P6. Fig. 15.102 • Close all the windows until the following option can be activated. • Click on Foundation > Design. Fig. 15.104 • The following window will open. Activate the same options that have been activated here (please observe that the Iterative design option has been selected). 15.2.4.4.3. Footing overlaps Overlapping does not occur in this e

Pagina 57-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza y. But, as a previous step, the pad footings will...

Pagina 58 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza xample however, it is
useful to know ...

xample however, it is useful to know that if it does arise, an option is available to create a combined footing by selecting the route Foundation > Eliminate overlaps. They can also be joined manually (Join option in the Foundation elements dialogue box) if the distance between them is less than 50 cm. Fig. 15.103 15.2.4.4.4. Results check 15.2.4.4.2. Errors check Follow the steps to obtain quick information on the data entered and results of the footings: • Click on Foundation > Code check errors. Elements that do not contain any design errors will be displayed in black. Those containing errors in red. In any case, by clicking on any elements drawn in red, a message will be displayed containing the checks that have been carried out and any design or check errors, if any. • Click on Foundation > Foundation elements > Information. A window will appear with options of what information to show. CYPE 37 38 CYPECAD • Click on the footing below P6. Fig. 15.106 Fig. 15.105

Pagina 58-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza xample however, it is
useful to know that if it...

Pagina 59 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza • Click on P4. It will be displayed...

• Click on P4. It will be displayed in a bold circle (because it is the selected column), P2 can be seen displayed in a circle. This indicates that P2 belongs to the same group as P4 because they have the same geometry and have obtained the same reinforcement after the analysis. They have been grouped by CYPECAD so they may appear as a single entry in the column schedule in the drawings. 15.2.5. Reinforcement modifications Having checked the forces, sections, etc., the reinforcement can be edited. 15.2.5.1. Columns The column reinforcement can now be matched. • Select the Results tab. • Click on Columns > Edit. Click on a column. Click on the icon in the bottom left hand corner of the Column edition window. • In the emerging window, P1 is marked with a bold circle, which indicates it is the selected column of the group. Columns P3-P8-P9-P10 are also marked with circles to indicate they belong to the same group as the selected column. If column P5 is selected, for example,

Pagina 59-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza • Click on P4. It will be displayed in a bold...

Pagina 60 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza it will be marked with a bold circle...

it will be marked with a bold circle, to indicate it is the selected column. Fig. 15.107 Column sections and reinforcement can be copied from one group to another. Click on Groups > Copy geo- CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples metry and reinforcement to other groups (in the top left hand corner of the Column edition window). The Group selection window appears. In this case, the cursor was situated on the P2 and P4 row in the main window, hence the grouping possibilities of this group are displayed i.e. columns P6 and P7. Fig. 15.109 • Press Finish to conclude. Fig. 15.108 15.2.5.2. Beams Columns P6 and P7 are displayed in yellow on the floor layout plan and listed in the column on the left. Mark the boxes in the column and close the window. P2 and P4 are now grouped with P6 and P7. • Go to group 3. It can be seen that beam P9-P10 has a deflection error that can be solved by slightly increasing its reinforcement. • Click on Beams/Walls > Edit beams, followed by a clic

Pagina 60-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza it will be marked with a bold circle, to...

Pagina 61 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza k on the aforementioned beam. The...

k on the aforementioned beam. The Beam reinforcement editor window will open. The program now displays these two newly added columns in red and red crosses appear in the Reinforcement edition section. This is because they fail with their newly assigned reinforcement. Click on the Redesign reinforcement in the top right hand corner of the Column edition window and the program will provide the required reinforcement for the new group. Manual modifications can also be carried out. If any modifications cause the column span to fail, a cross will appear at the end of the span in the Reinforcement edition section and in the Column group section. The columns will also be displayed in red in the Plan view of the columns section and their corresponding Summary of code checks is highlighted in red. Fig. 15.110 CYPE 39 40 CYPECAD • Click on the deflection icon and place the mouse cursor over beam P9-P10. Its current deflection is displayed; in this case the active and long term deflectio

Pagina 61-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza k on the aforementioned beam. The Beam...

Pagina 62 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza n
fail (displayed in red).
• Click ...

n fail (displayed in red). • Click on the Longitudinal reinforcement icon lowed by the Edit icon . fol- This operation will be used to modify the longitudinal reinforcement. • Click on the diameter symbol of the top reinforcement of beam P9-P10 and change the diameter of the top and bottom bars to 20 cm. Fig. 15.112 As can be seen, by consulting the beam reinforcement of the beam, it can be modified without having to change the section of the beam to solve errors that arise in the design, for example with deflection problems if it is not excessive. If the beam only fails due to deflection, the top or bottom reinforcement can be modified until the error is solved. The deflection is automatically recalculated upon indicating the new reinforcement. Fig. 15.111 • Click on the Resituate icon check the new reinforcement. 15.2.5.3. Joist floor slabs for the program to It is convenient that moments (or reinforcement) be matched, as the analysis provides individual bottom reinfor

Pagina 62-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza n
fail (displayed in red).
• Click on the...

Pagina 63 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza cement for each joist.

• Check the...

cement for each joist. • Check the deflection of the beam to ensure it lies within the limit. • Go to Group 1. Click on Joists > Bottom reinf. > Match. A new window will open with the percentage difference for the match and the criteria to be taken for the match; whether it should take the maximum or average value. CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples In the case, the Average value will be selected and the percentage set at 50%. This is because joists passing by columns, upon the stiffness of the support being greater, the amount of top reinforcement increases greatly and the bottom reinforcement is equally reduced. match. In this case, only the lengths will be matched (25% difference), therefore different steel areas will not be matched. The lengths will be matched using the average value criteria. Fig. 15.113 Fig. 15.115 That is what really occurs, however construction criteria is of greater importance that the theoretical analysis values. • Click on Accept and the match

Pagina 63-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza cement for each joist.

• Check the deflection ...

Pagina 64 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza will be carried out.

Bars shown in ...

will be carried out. Bars shown in magenta are those that have been matched with others and will not be displayed in the drawings. • Click on Accept and the match will be carried out. Fig. 15.116 Fig. 15.114 • To deactivate the visibility of the hidden bars click on Joists > Views and deactivate the Show hidden box. • Now match the reinforcement on the remaining floors. All that has been said for the bottom reinforcement is applicable to the top reinforcement. • Activate the visibility of the top reinforcement: Joists > Views. • Click on Joists > Top reinf. > Match. A window will open displaying the percentage difference for the CYPE 41 42 CYPECAD • Click on Accept. Fig. 15.119 • Once all the necessary modifications have been carried out, click on Joists > Top reinf. > Match. • Continue matching the reinforcement on the remaining floors. Fig. 15.117 If the match that has been carried out is not sufficient, another option can be used which allows to co

Pagina 64-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza will be carried out.

Bars shown in magenta are ...

Pagina 65 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza py the
reinforcement of other joists ...

py the reinforcement of other joists by following the steps indicated below: • Click on Joists > Top reinf. > Modify. • Select the reinforcement to modify. A window will appear with a description of the reinforcement. Fig. 15.120 The top reinforcement of the joists can also be matched by matching the steel areas and lengths of the bars. To do so, in the Match top reinforcement window that appears, select the Match steel areas option. Fig. 15.118 • Click on the Copy button. • Click on the reinforcement to copy. The Modify reinforcement window will open and display the reinforcement of the selected bar(s). CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples First option: • Click on Foundation > Foundation elements > Edit. • Click on the footing below P6. The following window will open. Fig. 15.121 A more uniform result is obtained by using this matching method. In some occasions, the negative moment of a joist that coincides with a column is substantially different to the other

Pagina 65-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza py the
reinforcement of other joists by following...

Pagina 66 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza joists of the same panel. By matching...

joists of the same panel. By matching the steel areas, the negative moment difference is shared amongst the joists adjacent to the joist that coincides with the column (it is logical for the joist to behave like this in reality), and so the difference with the remaining beams of the slab is not so large. This, occasionally, implies that all the top reinforcement of a slab must be matched with the same reinforcement or that, at least, the difference between the top reinforcement of the joists belonging to the same slab will be smaller. Fig. 15.122 • Click on Geometry. The dimensions of the footing will appear. • Change the dimensions to what is shown in the following figure. 15.2.5.4. Foundation • Place the view of the screen at group 0 • When there are small differences in the size of the pad footings (rounded to multiples of 25cm), it is convenient to group them. This is done using the option Foundation > Foundation elements > Match. No matching will be carried out in t

Pagina 66-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza joists of the same panel. By matching the steel...

Pagina 67 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza his exercise as there no
footings of ...

his exercise as there no footings of the same type. Nonetheless, the size of the footings can be increased so that their total dimensions are multiples of 25 cm. This can be done in two different ways: Fig. 15.123 • Now, to redesign the reinforcement, click on Design > Redesign. CYPE 43 44 CYPECAD all the beams with the same section, but different reinforcement: • Make a note of the strap footing with the greatest reinforcement for the same depth. In this example for type VC.T-4, the VC.T-4.2 and VC.T-4 are available. The first beam will be used as it has a greater stirrup reinforcement area. • Select Foundation> Strap and tie beams > Edit beam design. • Click on a VC.T-4 beam, for example the one joining P6 and P9. The Strap beam edition window will appear. Fig. 15.124 Having done so, continue modifying the remaining pad footings. Second option: This option has the advantage that it is carried out on all the pad footing simultaneously. • Click on Job > General d

Pagina 67-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza his exercise as there no
footings of the same...

Pagina 68 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ata.

Fig 15.125

• Select the By...

ata. Fig 15.125 • Select the By position button. • Click on the Selection button. • Click on the Foundation tab. • Click on the Strip and pad footing options button. • Select the Pad footing options button. • In the window that opens introduce a value of 25 in the Width increment box. • Redesign the foundation (activating the iterative design option). It is also recommended that the strap (and tie beams, if there are any present) be matched. For the time being, there is not an option that carries out an automatic match, and so, it must be done manually. For example, to match Fig. 15.126 CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples • In the new window, a scroll down menu appears where a different strap beam may be selected amongst those available from the table. In this case, select the VC.T4.2 beam. • Click on the Show references button and activate all the boxes (Click on the Mark all button). • Accept all the windows. • Click on and move each of the overlapp

Pagina 68-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ata.

Fig 15.125

• Select the By position...

Pagina 69 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ed texts or any
that are to be moved....

ed texts or any that are to be moved. Repeat his process on all the necessary beams. 15.2.6. Application of finishing touches to texts before obtaining drawings To avoid texts overlapping in the drawings, their positions may be modified. Texts overlapping reinforcement must also be avoided, etc. Therefore, all the reinforcement should be activated as visible beforehand. The following steps should then be taken: • Click on Groups > References and right click. Fig. 15.128 • The Column, joint and frame references window will appear. The Modify position option allows for any texts that are visible to be changed. But first, the visibility of these references must be activated. Fig. 15.129 As a final comment, the position of the texts can also be modified when the drawings are obtained. Fig. 15.127 CYPE 45 46 CYPECAD 15.2.7. Drawings • Close this window by clicking on Accept. The next step consists in creating the job drawings. Now the drawings will be obtained. Follo

Pagina 69-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ed texts or any
that are to be moved.

Repeat his...

Pagina 70 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza w the steps indicated below:

The...

w the steps indicated below: The formats of the drawings do not have to be configured previously; the program carries this out automatically based on the format configuration defined in the Control Panel of the system, to which the program also adds the DXF and DWG configuration. • Click on File > Print > Job drawings. • In the Drawing selection window that opens, add a new element to the list. The Drawing editor window will open. However, as there are various drawing sizes for DXF and DWG files (in this example the drawings to be obtained will be DWG files), the first thing to do is select a specific drawing size. • Activate Floor plans from the Drawing type menu. • Select for the drawings to be drawn from floors 1 to 4. • Click on Accept. To do so: • Access the following option: Click on the Configuration icon > Drawings • In the window that opens select the A0-A4 format. This is the format created by the program to obtain DXF and DWG files. • In the Sizes c

Pagina 70-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza w the steps indicated below:

The formats of the ...

Pagina 71 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza olumn, click on A0. Having done so,...

olumn, click on A0. Having done so, the size should appear marked in red in the window on the right, where all the sizes defined for the format are drawn. Fig. 15.131 The program will return to the Drawing selection window. The selected drawing will be displayed in the table. • Select DWG in the Peripherals column. Fig. 15.130 Fig. 15.132 CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples In this case, the beam drawings should be drawn together with the floor plans. To do so: • Add a new element to the list; the Detail selection window will open, which contains the construction details included in the program. • Add another element to the list in the Drawing selection window. • Activate the EHU tab. • Select detail EHU399. • Activate Beam drawings from the Drawing type menu. • Select for the drawings to be drawn from floors 1 to 4. Fig. 15.135 • Click on Accept consecutively until the Drawing selection window is displayed. • Choose DWG from the Peripherals menu. Fig. 15

Pagina 71-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza olumn, click on A0. Having done so, the
size...

Pagina 72 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza .133

A title block for the drawings ...

.133 A title block for the drawings is to be selected. In this case, the CYPE title block will be chosen. A construction detail is to be added to this drawing. • Activate the Details button. The Details window will open. • Click on the Title block button. • From the Title block selection window that opens, activate CYPE. • Click on Accept. Fig. 15.136 Fig. 15.134 CYPE 47 48 CYPECAD Each floor, frame, etc. drawing is initially displayed as an object lacking in details, that is, a drawing where only its border is shown. This allows for the object to be redrawn more quickly if modified than if it were entirely displayed. Fig. 15.137 The program returns to the Drawing selection window. A preliminary view of the drawings can now be seen. • Click on Accept. The Fields editor window will appear where the data to be displayed in the title block can be entered. • Click on Accept. Fig. 15.139 • To view the real image of the drawing, click on Objects > Drawing deta

Pagina 72-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza .133

A title block for the drawings is to be...

Pagina 73 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza il and select the objects to be seen....

il and select the objects to be seen. Fig. 15.138 The Drawing composition window will open, which offers a preliminary view of the drawings to be generated and allows for certain actions to be carried out, such as: change the scale, move the position of the image within the drawing, change text positions, etc. Fig. 15.140 CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples • To change the position of the texts, select Objects > Edit object and click on an object. The Drawing editor window will open, in which a text can be moved by clicking on it and then at its new position. poses (a shop or similar) and basement. Each project has its individual properties and generally cannot be extrapolated to other projects. However, in this example, solutions will be proposed to specific properties which can later be applied to future projects. Fig. 15.143 Fig. 15.141 To finally print the drawings: 15.3.1. Initial data • Click on Drawings > Print > Print all. The project should be studied before it

Pagina 73-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza il and select the objects to be seen.

Fig. 15...

Pagina 74 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza is introduced so to
avoid errors and ...

is introduced so to avoid errors and hence not waste any time having to repeat entering and redefining data. • The Filenames window will appear, where the filenames and directory can be specified. • Click on Accept. Fig. 15.142 15.3. Example 2 The following example is to be used as a guide for the correct introduction of a building, consisting of nine apartments, with its ground floor to be used for business pur- Fig. 15.144 CYPE 49 50 CYPECAD First and foremost is to identify how many groups (levels) there are in the building. This example will contain 6: ground floor, first, second and third floor, roof and lift machinery roof. As floors 2 and 3 are the same, geometrically speaking, and their loading is also, these two floors can be grouped, resulting in a building of 5 groups and 6 floors. load to the slab equivalent to the increase in dead loading corresponding to the infill. This is the case in this example, and so a load will be introduced to represent the infill

Pagina 74-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza is introduced so to
avoid errors and hence not...

Pagina 75 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza .

If the elevation difference or...

. If the elevation difference or surface area is large, an elevation change should be assigned to the floor slab using the option Groups > Sloped floor slabs/El. Changes. This way, the program creates a floor slab with two elevations and if these are separated by a flat beam, the beam will change to acquire the depth of the slab plus the elevation change between the two slabs. If the elevation difference is greater and the user does not wish for there to be a connection between the two parts, an intermediate group will have to be created between the current and the following floor. In this case, the height of the intermediate floor will be the elevation change between the two floor areas. NB: It must be taken into account that if there is going to be a start or end of a structural element (column, wall, stair nucleus or sloped beam), it cannot occur at a grouped floor; it must be defined as an individual floor. 15.3.1.1. Floor heights When there is an elevation change in a floor, a

Pagina 75-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza .

If the elevation difference or surface area is...

Pagina 76 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza s occurs in
this example where there ...

s occurs in this example where there is an area on the ground floor 42 cm higher than the rest of the floor, depending on the elevation difference and surface area of the floor slab, there are different ways as to how it can be defined in the program. 15.3.1.2. Loads 15.3.1.2.1. Permanent loads First the permanent loads acting in the example will be analysed so to then introduce them when defining the project in the program. Note that the slab loads, once the slabs to be introduced have been defined, will be applied internally by the program. Therefore, the user does not have to define them when introducing the dead loads to be applied. If the elevation difference is small (<0.65 m) or the surface of the higher area is not too large, the user may opt to infill the area, without altering the height of the floor slab. In this case, the only thing that must be done is apply a surface CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples 15.3.2. Job creation 15.3.1.2.2. Live loads The live loads acti

Pagina 76-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza s occurs in
this example where there is an area...

Pagina 77 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ng on the floor slabs will depending ...

ng on the floor slabs will depending on what they will eventually be used for. For this example, the following loads have been taken: Click on File > New. A dialogue box will appear where the name and description of the new project are to be defined. Fig. 15.145 Upon accepting, a new dialogue box will open where the user can choose to enter the structure in four different ways (the remaining two options are examples). 15.3.1.2.3. Wind loading For the wind loading, the generic code will be used. Here, the shape factors of the building will have to be established as well as the tributary widths. 15.3.1.2.4. Earthquake loading The modal spectral analysis will be used to apply the seismic loads to the building. An acceleration of 0.10 g will be assumed. Fig. 15.146 15.3.1.2.5. Snow load • Empty job. If an IFC or DWG/DXF file of the project or is not available, the Empty job option should be selected. A snow load of 0.2 kN/m2 will be taken for the analysis. • Job import from

Pagina 77-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ng on the floor slabs will depending on
what they...

Pagina 78 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza Metal 3D. If the project that is...

Metal 3D. If the project that is going to be created is based on one whose structure has previously been created in Metal 3D, then the option Job import from Metal 3D should be selected. This way, the program will ask for the Metal 3D job to be selected 15.3.1.2.6. Fire resistance The basement floor will have to verify a fire resistance of 120 min and the remaining floors a resistance of 60 min. CYPE 51 52 CYPECAD 15.3.2.1.1. Assistant: Building data which will then create a job in CYPECAD with the codes and loadcases that were defined when the steel structure was defined. The Basements box will remain activated with a 1 introduced in the adjacent box indicating there is one basement. It is to have a height of 2.50 m and no live load or dead load as the structure is going to have pad footings. • Automatic introduction option. If DXF/DWG files of the project are available, the project can be introduced using the Automatic introduction DXF/DWG option. The Ground floor is to

Pagina 78-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza Metal 3D. If the project that is going
to be...

Pagina 79 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza have a height of 3.80 m with a live
...

have a height of 3.80 m with a live load of 5 kN/m2 and a dead load of 2.1 kN/m2 (partitions + screed). For the Floors, the box is to remain activated, introducing a 3 in the adjacent box to indicate there are three floors. They are to be assigned a height of 2.8m, a live load of 2 kN/m2 and a dead load of 2.1 kN/m2. • Finally, if the IFC file of the job is available, the work carried out previously in the CAD program can be made the most of to introduce the project using the Automatic introduction IFC option. The job will be introduced using two methods (15.3.2.1. Automatic introduction DXF/DWG or 15.3.2.2. Automatic introduction IFC) so to view the differences. Having concluded, the introduction will continue at point 15.3.3. Column introduction (Column Definition tab). The Roof is also to have a height of 2.8 m with an applied live load of 1.2 kN/m2 (live load + snow load) and a dead load of 1.5 kN/m2 (roof screed). Finally, the Lift machinery slab box is to remain unactivated

Pagina 79-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza have a height of 3.80 m with a live
load of 5...

Pagina 80 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza .
The Lift machinery roof box is to...

. The Lift machinery roof box is to be activated and is allocated a height of 3.5 m. Its loading will be the same as that of the Roof. 15.3.2.1. Automatic introduction DXF/DWG Before accepting and moving on to the next window, the Columns have been introduced with external fixity box will remain activated as the foundations of the building will consist of pad footings which require for the columns to be introduced with external fixity. Fig. 15.147 Select the option and accept. A new dialogue box appears where the data of the building is to be defined. Fig. 15.148 CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples 15.3.2.1.2. Assistant: Floors/Groups 15.3.2.3.1.4. Assistant: DXF/DWG template Floors 2 and 3 are the same and therefore belong to the same group. This is to be indicated in this window. To do so, deactivate the box in the Group start column corresponding to that of Floor 3. A bracket will appear in the diagram on the right indicating that Floors 2 and 3 are now a group. The Elevatio

Pagina 80-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza .
The Lift machinery roof box is to be activated ...

Pagina 81 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza n of the foundation plane is to be...

n of the foundation plane is to be left at –2.5 m. The CAD files are saved in the directory: \Cype Ingenieros\examples\CYPECAD. To upload them, click on the icon which opens a dialogue box from which the DXF/DWG template can be selected. Go to the above directory, select all the files and click on Open. Fig. 15.151 Once the files have been imported, their layers can be activated and modified. In this case, the layers shall be left as they are; only when the background on which the work is being carried out is white is it convenient to change the layer colours to darker tones. By clicking on the Colour column header, the colour of all the layers can be changed at once to the same colour. Fig. 15.149 15.3.2.3.1.3. Assistant: Group description Data that has previously been introduced can be edited in this window as well as renaming the groups to be generated if necessary. In this example, the default data shall be accepted. 15.3.2.3.1.5. Assistant: Views In this example, a diffe

Pagina 81-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza n of the foundation plane is to be left
at –2.5...

Pagina 82 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza rent CAD file has been used for each
...

rent CAD file has been used for each group therefore nothing has to be done in the views window. If only one drawing file is imported, a different view must be created for each group defining the corresponding layer configuration. Nonetheless, if there are layers present in any of the files which are not going to be of any use for the introduction, these may be deactivated so to avoid any unnecessary confusion. Fig. 15.150 CYPE 53 54 CYPECAD 15.3.2.3.1.7. Assistant: Column layers The columns have been drawn in the same layer for all the groups and so the first of the two options at the top is to be marked. The layer in which the columns have been drawn (Columns) is to be selected from the table and, as the fixed point of the columns has been drawn in the CAD file, the Layers defining the fixed point box should be activated and then the corresponding Fixed point layer selected. Fig. 15.152 15.3.2.3.1.6. Assistant: Assign views to groups In this window, each group will be assi

Pagina 82-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza rent CAD file has been used for each
group...

Pagina 83 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza gned a view or CAD
file. If the name ...

gned a view or CAD file. If the name of the file coincides with that of the group, it will be assigned automatically, otherwise a group must be selected from the list on the left and activate the box of the corresponding view or file to be assigned from the list on the right. The process is to be repeated for each of the floor groups of the project. Fig. 15.154 15.3.2.3.1.8. Assistant: Beam layers The same is to be done for the beams. First the layer corresponding to the exterior perimeter of the floors is selected. Once this has been done, the beams are assigned a width of 30 cm and due to the drawing template being that of the finished floor, a 5 cm displacement towards the inside is to be applied. For the openings, select the following layers: Lift opening, stair opening and car lift opening. As in the case of the beams, these are assigned a width of 30 cm but without an applied displacement. Finally, select the Building services openings layer and assign it a non structural 15cm

Pagina 83-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza gned a view or CAD
file. If the name of the file ...

Pagina 84 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza wide
beam.

Fig. 15.153

CYPE
...

wide beam. Fig. 15.153 CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples Once the file has been imported, a view of the file is displayed. Below it, a description of any errors that have been incurred during its import. Fig. 15.155 Click on Finish to conclude the automatic introduction. To continue with the example, proceed to point 15.3.3. Column introduction (Column Definition tab). Fig. 15.157 15.3.2.2.2. IFC Assistant: Floor heights 15.3.2.2. Automatic introduction IFC By clicking on the Next button, the Floor heights window opens where the floor structure with which the IFC file has been created can be seen. Below the diagram, the elevation of the foundation plane can be modified. In this case introduce an elevation of –2.5 m. Due to the type of foundation to be used (pad footings), the Fixed (without external fixity) option is be selected. 15.3.2.2.1. IFC Assistant: IFC file selection Using the Automatic introduction using an IFC file, a dialogue box opens where the IFC file has

Pagina 84-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza wide
beam.

Fig. 15.153

CYPE

CYPECAD -...

Pagina 85 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza to be selected. In
this case select...

to be selected. In this case select the file: Project.ifc. Fig. 15.156 Fig. 15.158 CYPE 55 56 CYPECAD 15.3.2.2.3. IFC Assistant: Floor loads Here, the live and dead loads will be introduced. The Basement does not have any loading as the structure’s foundation elements will consist of pad footings. The ground floor is to have a live load of 5 kN/m2 and a dead load of 2.1 kN/m2 (partitions + screed). The residential floors are to have a live load of 2 kN/m2 and a dead load of 2.1 kN/m2. Finally, the roof and lift machinery roof are to have an applied live load of 1.2 kN/m2 (live load + snow load) and a dead load of 1.5 kN/m2 (roof screed). Fig. 15.160 15.3.2.3.2.5. IFC Assistant: Floor slabs Now that the column materials to be imported have been selected, the floor slab materials are to be selected as well as their perimeter beams and the beams defining the openings. The assistant displays a similar list to that of the columns, with the floors/floor slabs defined in the IFC

Pagina 85-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza to be selected. In
this case select the file:...

Pagina 86 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza file. Upon
clicking on one of these,...

file. Upon clicking on one of these, it is displayed in red in the 3Dview. Those that are not to be imported are deactivated in the Import column (Floor: road, Floor: pavement, Floor: Generic 100, Floor: Generic 200 mm). Fig. 15.159 15.3.2.2.4. IFC Assistant: Columns Having defined the floor loads, the columns are now to be defined. The assistant displays the different materials with which the columns have been defined; in this case only one. The columns made of the same material as that displayed in the list are drawn in red. Fig. 15.161 CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples Once these have been deactivated, click on Floor: Waffle slab. To the right, in External Outlines, select the flat beam (first on the left), assign a thickness of 30 cm to it and for Openings select the limit beam (first on the right) with 0 cm thickness. All the materials corresponding to partitions will be deactivated in the Import column. Repeat the process for Floor: Generic 300. 15.3.2.2.6. IFC Assist

Pagina 86-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza file. Upon
clicking on one of these, it is...

Pagina 87 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ant: Partition loads

Now that the...

ant: Partition loads Now that the floor slabs have been defined, the partitions to be imported are selected. These are assigned a material which has an associated surface load. The program will then calculate the corresponding line load to apply on the floor slab depending on the height of the partition. In a similar way as with slabs, upon clicking on a partition from the list, it will appear marked in red. To assign the material, click on the Not defined button to select the type. In the example a generic material has been used with a load of 2.86 kN/m2. Fig. 15.163 15.3.2.2.7. IFC Assistant: Drawing templates Lastly, the elements which are to appear in the DXF/DWG template generated by the program based on the imported IFC file will be selected. Fig. 15.162 Fig. 15.164 CYPE 57 58 CYPECAD 15.3.3. Column introduction (Column Definition tab) 15.3.3.1.2. Wind 15.3.3.1. Job general data In the Loads section of the dialogue box, activate the With wind loading box. The Gene

Pagina 87-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ant: Partition loads

Now that the floor slabs...

Pagina 88 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ric code is to be used. In the
new...

ric code is to be used. In the new window that opens, introduce the tributary widths of the building. Click on the By floor button and introduce a Y value of 23 m and an X value of 17m for groups 1 to 5 and Y = 4 m and X = 7 m for group 6. Change shape factor x to 1 and shape factor y to 1.35. Leave the gust factor and wind action values as they appear in the program. 15.3.3.1.1.Code and materials Once a name has been given to the project, the General data window appears. The codes to use, materials and loads to be applied in the job are to be specified in this dialogue box. For this example the Eurocodes will be used. By clicking on the Codes button, a new dialogue box will appear where the codes to be used for each material can be selected: Fig. 15.165 The type of concrete to be used is C25/30, steel for bars S500 and for cold-formed, rolled and welded S 275. Fig. 15.167 Fig. 15.166 Fig. 15.168 CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples 15.3.3.1.3. Earthquake loads The seismic loa

Pagina 88-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ric code is to be used. In the
new window that...

Pagina 89 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ding can be activated by selecting...

ding can be activated by selecting the With seismic loading box in the General data dialogue box. From the window that opens, select the Modal spectral analysis option on the left. The corresponding screen will appear on the right where the data can be defined. For this example, an acceleration due to gravity of 0.10 g will be used. The ductility shall be left at 2.50 and the part of snow and live loads to consider will be left at 0.5. As for the number of modes, the number to be selected must be such that the whole mass of the structure is displaced. 3 modes of vibration can be considered for each independent zone, i.e. for this example 18 vibration modes should be considered (6 floors with 3 vibration modes each). Bear in mind that the higher the number of modes is considered, the longer the analysis will take as this number affects the number of combinations the program undertakes when designing the reinforcement. Therefore it is preferable, for the initial analysis whereby what is

Pagina 89-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza ding can be activated by selecting the With...

Pagina 90 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza sought is to obtain a
rough idea as ...

sought is to obtain a rough idea as to the eventual dimensions of the elements, that the 6 default modes be left. Once the first analysis has concluded, the report containing the participation coefficients may be consulted and if the percentage of the displaced mass is greater than 95%, then the number of modes considered is adequate, otherwise it must be increased. Fig. 15.170 15.3.3.1.4. Fire resistance To carry out the fire resistance checks and the structural design with the correct fire resistance, select the Check fire resistance box. A window will open where R120 must be activated for the Ground floor and R60 must be activated for the remaining floors. Floors with compartmentation function must also be activated. To select the spectrum, click on the Library manager button and select Import predefined data . From the list that appears, mark the box corresponding to EUROCODE 8 Type:II Subsoil:A. Fig. 15.171 Accept all the dialogue boxes that appear (one of which may include

Pagina 90-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza sought is to obtain a
rough idea as to the...

Pagina 91 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza a report displaying introduction...

a report displaying introduction errors and warnings) until the floor layout can be seen on screen. Fig. 15.169 CYPE 59 60 CYPECAD 15.3.3.2. Creation of project floors and groups 15.3.3.3. Column introduction 15.3.3.2.1. Group floors Columns may be introduced manually or via automatic introduction. In this second example, the structure has been introduced automatically. Please refer to the first example for a more detailed explanation as to how to introduce the columns manually. If the job has been imported using an IFC file, any floors that are to be grouped should be specified. As was mentioned in section 15.3.1., floors 2 and 3 are to be defined as a single group. To do so, go to option Introduction > Groups > Join groups in the Column definition tab. In the window that opens, a diagram of the floors is displayed with a red bracket indicating which floors are to be joined. Select floors 2 and 3. After importing the job using one of the two automatic assistants, the column

Pagina 91-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza a report displaying introduction errors and...

Pagina 92 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza s must be reorganised so that their...

s must be reorganised so that their references follow an order which allows for an easy consultation. This is especially important for large jobs where having to locate a column without these following a specific order can be very complicated. To edit the references, click on Introduction > Columns, shear walls and column starts > Modify reference. Click on the bottom left hand column; this will be the first reference. In the dialogue box that appears, provide a reference for this column and select the Number consecutively box. Then, one by one, click on the columns in order, from left to right and bottom to top. Fig. 15.172 Having selected the floor and accepted the window, a dialogue box will appear asking from which floor the information for beams and loads is to be kept. As both are the same, any can be selected. Fig. 15.173 Fig 15.174 CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples Fig. 15.176 Fig. 15.175 Now the wall can be introduced. (Trick: the entire beam does not necessarily hav

Pagina 92-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza s must be reorganised so that their references...

Pagina 93 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza e to be deleted; using the option...

e to be deleted; using the option Beams/Walls > Define beam, introduce a beam segment perpendicular to the internal beam that is to be deleted at roughly its mid-point. Delete the half that would be in contact with the wall and the beam segment. Later on, once the wall has been introduced, all that has to be done is extend the beam (Beams/Walls > Extend beam). This way the original position of the beam is not lost.) 15.3.4. Introduction of beams, walls and floor slabs (Beam Definition tab) 15.3.4.1. Walls Situate the main view of the screen on the Ground floor to introduce the basement wall. If the previous data introduction has been carried out using the Automatic introduction option or by IFC file import, the beams marking the perimeter of the building must first be deleted: Beams/Walls > Delete and click on the beams to eliminate. To introduce the wall go to Beams/Walls > Define wall. A dialogue box displaying four options will appear: • Reinforced concrete wall So that no ove

Pagina 93-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza e to be deleted; using the option
Beams/Walls >...

Pagina 94 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza rlapping problems arise when...

rlapping problems arise when introducing the wall, the beams perpendicular to it will also be deleted. If any beams have been introduced in the Basement, these too must be deleted. • Normabloc wall • Reinforced concrete block wall • Masonry walls Fig. 15.177 The first wall type is to be selected (reinforced concrete wall). In the emerging window, indicate the wall begins at group 0 and reaches group 1. It will be assigned a thickness of 0.15 m to the left and right. CYPE 61 62 CYPECAD Now to define the pressures acting on the wall due to the soil: Click on the Lateral pressures button. The Wall Pressure edition dialogue box will appear. Click on the Edit soil pressure button. form load of 10 kN/m2 is to be defined: click on the icon. A default load will appear in the table. If required, this can be edited using the icon and clicking on it. Fig. 15.178 Fig. 15.181 Fig. 15.179 Having accepted the Earth pressures on walls dialogue box, the Wall pressure edition window

Pagina 94-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza rlapping problems arise when introducing
the wall...

Pagina 95 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza will emerge in
which the direction of...

will emerge in which the direction of action of the pressure has to be defined. The wall is going to be introduced in an anticlockwise sense and so, the With pressures acting to the right box should be marked. Accept the window. The Infill situation dialogue box will open. The pressures will be defined as dead loads with no additional loadcases. Click on the Soil button so to define it. Fig. 15.180 In the Soil edition dialogue box, mark the With fill box. Indicate it is to reach an elevation of 0m, and leave the remaining parameters as they are. In the Loads section, a uni- Fig. 15.182 CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples Finally, before introducing the wall, the foundations must be defined. In this case the With external fixity box will be marked and click on the Edit foundation button to establish the type of footing. The Foundations. With external fixity window will open. Here, mark the Strip footing and Overhang only on the left options. The depth and overhang dimensions are t

Pagina 95-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza will emerge in
which the direction of action of...

Pagina 96 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza o be left as they are. Accept the...

o be left as they are. Accept the dialogue box. Click on P3 to start the new wall span and then on P4 to finish it off. As there is an irregular intersection between columns P4 and P8, the wall will not be introduced and will be dealt with later on. Continue introducing the rest of the wall: P8-P19, P19-P17 and P17-P1. The wall must now be adjusted. Click on Beams/Walls > Adjust. Once the option has been selected , press the F3 button on the keyboard (or the magnet icon on the toolbar which will activate the Object snap selection window. Mark the Activate object snaps (F3) and the Nearest boxes and Accept. Fig. 15.183 The defined wall can now be introduced. Click on P1 and move the cursor to P3 (There is no need to click on P2 first due to columns P1, P2 and P3 being aligned. Finish off the introduction of the wall with a click on P3. Fig. 15.185 Place the mouse cursor on the side of the wall which is to be adjusted and close to the CAD template. The nearest symbol will appear. A

Pagina 96-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza o be left as they are. Accept the
dialogue box.

...

Pagina 97 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza t that moment click with the left...

t that moment click with the left mouse button and the wall will be adjusted to the template. Repeat this process with all the walls. Fig. 15.184 CYPE 63 64 CYPECAD Fig. 15.188 Fig. 15.186 Now, using the option Beams/Walls > Delete > Delete the selected wall segment in all the groups to delete the unwanted wall segment past the intersection. Fig. 15.187 Click on Beams/Walls> Extend wall. Click on the end of the wall reaching P4 and extend it by dragging it past the intersection. Click to end the extension. Now click on the end of the wall reaching P8 and drag until a red dot is displayed at the point where it intersects with the wall that has just been extended. Click with the left mouse button to confirm that is where the wall is to end. Fig. 15.189 CYPE CYPECAD - Practical examples 15.3.4.2. Beams If the job has been introduced using Automatic introduction DXF/DWG go to the following section 15.3.4.2.1. Alternatively, if the Automatic introduction IFC has been used, g

Pagina 97-Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza t that moment click with the left mouse
button...

Pagina 98 - Exemple practice CYPE CYPECAD Fisa tehnica Engleza o to section 15.3.4.2.2.

15.3.4.2.1....

o to section 15.3.4.2.2. 15.3.4.2.1. Data introduction using Automatic introduction DXF/DWG The beams that were previously deleted to introduce the wall will now be re-introduced. Zoom into the car lift area. Using the option Beams/Walls > Extend beam (select the Beam that is extended option and leave the Fixed length box unmarked), extend the beam reaching P6 so it connects with the wall. When it reaches the intersection with the wall, a red dot will appear. When this occurs, click with the left mouse button to confirm the point. Fig. 15.190 Now that the wall has been completed, a question mark appears indicating there is a closed precinct in which a floor slab is awaiting definition. Fig. 15.192 Fig. 15.191 Remember to deactivate the object snap settings by pressing on F3. CYPE 65 66 CYPECAD Fig. 15.193 Fig. 15.194 Now to introduce the beam spanning from P6 to the wall at the bottom of the screen. First of all, the beam closing off the stairs opening must be deleted othe